Skin chromophore mapping by smartphone RGB camera under spectral band and spectral line illumination

• Published in: Journal of biomedical optics 2022-02, Vol.27 (2), p.026004-026004
• Main Authors: Kuzmina, Ilona, Oshina, Ilze, Dambite, Laura, Lukinsone, Vanesa, Maslobojeva, Anna, Berzina, Anna, Spigulis, Janis
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Approximation; Bouguer law; Cameras; Chromophores; Emitters; Hemoglobin; Humans; Illumination; Illuminators; Imaging; Laser applications; Lasers; Light emitting diodes; Light sources; Lighting; Line spectra; Mapping; Mathematical analysis; Melanin; Melanins; Neoplasms; Oxyhemoglobins; Prototypes; Skin; Skin - diagnostic imaging; Skin Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Smartphone; Smartphones; Spectral bands; Statistical analysis; Tumors; Wavelengths
• ISSN: 1083-3668; 1560-2281
• DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.27.2.026004

Significance: Multispectral imaging enables mapping of chromophore content changes in skin neoplasms, which helps to diagnose a pathology. Different types of light sources can be used for the imaging. Design of laser-based illuminators is more complicated and, consequently, they are more expensive than LED-based illuminators. On the other hand, spectral line illumination has the advantage of less complicated calculations, since only the discrete maximum wavelengths need to be considered. Spectral band and spectral line approaches for multispectral skin diagnostics have not been compared so far. This can help to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of both approaches. Aim: To compare two specific illumination modalities—spectral band and spectral line illumination—from the point of performance for mapping of in vivo skin chromophores. Approach: Three spectral images of the same skin malformations were captured by a smartphone RGB camera with two different add-on illuminators comprising LED emitters and laser emitters, respectively. Five types of benign skin neoplasms were included in our study. Concentrations of skin melanin, oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin at image pixel groups were calculated using the Beer–Lambert law. Results: Skin chromophore maps and statistical analysis of mean concentrations’ changes in the neoplasms compared to the surrounding skin are presented and discussed. The data of the laser emitters led to significantly higher (∼10 times) increase of the oxy-hemoglobin values in vascular neoplasms and much lower deoxy-hemoglobin values, if compared to the data obtained by the LED emitters. Conclusions: Analysis of the obtained chromophore distribution maps and concentration variations in neoplasms led to conclusion that the spectral line illumination approach is more appropriate for this application. Considering only the peak wavelengths of illumination spectral bands leads to essentially different results if compared to those obtained by spectral line illumination and may cause misinterpretations in the clinical assessment of skin neoplasms.