FDA Approval Summary: Revised Indication and Dosing Regimen for Ponatinib Based on the Results of the OPTIC Trial

• Published in: The oncologist (Dayton, Ohio) Ohio), 2022-03, Vol.27 (2), p.149-157
• Main Authors: Pulte, E Dianne, Chen, Haiyan, Price, Lauren S L, Gudi, Ramadevi, Li, Hongshan, Okusanya, Olanrewaju O, Ma, Lian, Rodriguez, Lisa, Vallejo, Jonathon, Norsworthy, Kelly J, de Claro, R Angelo, Theoret, Marc R, Pazdur, Richard
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Antineoplastic Agents - adverse effects; Chronic myeloid leukemia; Diagnosis; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm - genetics; Drug therapy; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl - genetics; Humans; Imidazoles; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive - drug therapy; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive - genetics; Liver diseases; Nilotinib; Pancreatitis; Patient outcomes; Protein Kinase Inhibitors - adverse effects; Pyridazines; Regulatory Issues: FDA; Risk factors; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration
• ISSN: 1083-7159; 1549-490X
• DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyab040

On December 18, 2020, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a supplemental application for ponatinib extending the indication in patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML) to patients with resistance or intolerance of at least 2 prior kinase inhibitors. Ponatinib was initially approved in December 2012 but was briefly voluntarily withdrawn due to serious safety concerns including the risk of arterial occlusive events (AOE). It returned to the market in December 2013 with an indication limited to patients with T315I mutation or for whom no other tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy was indicated with revised warnings and precautions. A post-marketing requirement was issued to identify the optimal safe and effective dose for CP-CML. Thus, the OPTIC trial was performed, which randomized patients to 1 of 3 doses, 45 mg, 30 mg, or 15 mg, with a dose reduction to 15 mg on achievement of MR2 (BCR-ABLIS ≤1%). Patients enrolled were treated with at least 2 prior TKIs or had a T315I mutation. Patients with a history of clinically significant, uncontrolled, or active cardiovascular disease were excluded. Efficacy was established on an interim analysis based on the rate of MR2 at 12 months in the modified intent-to-treat population of 261 patients, with 88, 86, and 87 patients in the 45, 30, and 15 mg cohorts, respectively. With a median follow-up of 28 months, the rate of achievement of MR2 at 12 months was 42%, 28%, and 24% in the respective cohorts. The safety profile was consistent with that observed in prior evaluations of ponatinib with notable adverse reactions including pancreatitis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, liver dysfunction, and AOE. Of patients treated at the 45/15 mg dose, AOEs were seen in 13%, with a higher rate being observed in patients age 65 or older compared to younger patients. A readjudication of AOEs seen on the prior pivotal phase 2 study resulted in a rate of 26%. Overall, the results supported a modification of the recommended dose for patients with CP-CML to 45 mg until the achievement of MR2 followed by a reduction to 15 mg. The expansion of the indication to patients with exposure to 2 prior TKIs was approved given data showing that ponatinib could be successfully used for the treatment of this population with appropriate monitoring and screening for risk factors.