Longitudinal associations between falls and future risk of cognitive decline, the Motoric Cognitive Risk syndrome and dementia: the Einstein Ageing Study

Abstract Background falls share risk factors with cognitive decline but whether falls predict cognitive decline, pre-dementia syndromes and dementia is poorly understood. Objectives this study aimed to examine if falls are associated with cognitive decline in specific domains and the risk of Motoric...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Age and ageing 2022-03, Vol.51 (3)
Main Authors: Jayakody, Oshadi, Blumen, Helena M, Breslin, Monique, Ayers, Emmeline, Lipton, Richard B, Verghese, Joe, Callisaya, Michele L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Aging
Aging - psychology
Attention
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Cognitive Dysfunction - diagnosis
Cognitive Dysfunction - epidemiology
Cognitive functioning
Cognitive impairment
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dementia
Dementia - diagnosis
Dementia - epidemiology
Dementia disorders
Episodic memory
First year
Fluency
Humans
Information processing
Language
Memory
Neuropsychological Tests
Older people
Research Paper
Response inhibition
Risk Factors
Short term memory
Syndrome
Verbal memory
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Summary:Abstract Background falls share risk factors with cognitive decline but whether falls predict cognitive decline, pre-dementia syndromes and dementia is poorly understood. Objectives this study aimed to examine if falls are associated with cognitive decline in specific domains and the risk of Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome and dementia. Design cross-sectional study. Methods in older people (age 80.6 ± 5.3 years) free of dementia at baseline, the number of falls (none, one or multiple) during the year before enrolment and the first year of follow-up (exposure) were recorded. Decline in specific cognitive functions (global cognition, episodic verbal memory, verbal fluency, working memory, response inhibition and processing speed-attention), incident MCR and incident dementia were outcome measures. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the associations between falls and cognitive decline, adjusting for confounders. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine if falls predicted risk of incident MCR or dementia. Results of 522 eligible participants, 140 had a single fall and 70 had multiple falls. Multiple falls were associated with a greater decline in global cognition, episodic memory, verbal fluency and processing speed-attention compared to those with no falls (P 
ISSN:0002-0729
1468-2834
DOI:10.1093/ageing/afac058