Serum Iba-1, GLUT5, and TSPO in Patients With Diabetic Retinopathy: New Biomarkers for Early Retinal Neurovascular Alterations? A Pilot Study

This study explored the possibility of highlighting early retinal neurovascular alterations of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by monitoring in DR patients the serum levels of microglial biomarkers ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5), and translocator protein...

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Published in:Translational vision science & technology 2022-03, Vol.11 (3), p.16-16
Main Authors: Trotta, Maria Consiglia, Gesualdo, Carlo, Petrillo, Francesco, Cavasso, Giancuomo, Corte, Alberto Della, D'Amico, Giovanbattista, Hermenean, Anca, Simonelli, Francesca, Rossi, Settimio
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Arginase
Biomarkers
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetic Retinopathy - diagnosis
Humans
Pilot Projects
Receptors, GABA
Retina - diagnostic imaging
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Summary:This study explored the possibility of highlighting early retinal neurovascular alterations of diabetic retinopathy (DR) by monitoring in DR patients the serum levels of microglial biomarkers ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5), and translocator protein (TSPO), along with serum changes of the endothelial dysfunction marker arginase-1. Serum markers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 50 patients: 12 non-diabetic subjects, 14 diabetic patients without DR, 13 patients with non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and 11 patients with proliferative DR (PDR). The results were correlated with hyperreflective retinal spots (HRS), observed with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Although HRS were absent in diabetic patients without DR, NPDR patients showed an average of 4 ± 1 HRS, whereas the highest presence was detected in PDR patients, with 8 ± 1 HRS (P < 0.01 vs. NPDR). HRS were positively correlated (P < 0.01) with serum levels of arginase-1 (r = 0.91), Iba-1 (r = 0.96), GLUT5 (r = 0.94), and TSPO (r = 0.88). Moreover, serum proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines showed a positive correlation (P < 0.01) with HRS number and the serum markers analyzed. Serum markers of microglial activation positively correlate with retinal HRS in NPDR and PDR patients. These data corroborate the possibility of highlighting early retinal neurovascular changes due to diabetes by monitoring circulating microglial markers.
ISSN:2164-2591
2164-2591
DOI:10.1167/tvst.11.3.16