Inflammation and oxidative stress, the links between obesity and COVID-19: a narrative review

COVID-19, an acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly become a pandemic. On the other hand, obesity is also reaching dramatic dimensions and it is a risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality. Obesity has been linked to a high risk of serious-associated complications to COV...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of physiology and biochemistry 2022-08, Vol.78 (3), p.581-591
Main Authors: Moreno-Fernandez, Jorge, Ochoa, Julio, Ojeda, María Luisa, Nogales, Fátima, Carreras, Olimpia, Díaz-Castro, Javier
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ACE2
Adipose tissue
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
Animal Physiology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Comorbidity
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Development and progression
Diseases
Health aspects
Human Physiology
Inflammation
Mechanical ventilation
Morbidity
Mortality
Obesity
Oxidative stress
Patients
Respiratory diseases
Respiratory function
Review
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Type 2 diabetes
Viral diseases
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Summary:COVID-19, an acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly become a pandemic. On the other hand, obesity is also reaching dramatic dimensions and it is a risk factor for morbidity and premature mortality. Obesity has been linked to a high risk of serious-associated complications to COVID-19, due to the increased risk of concomitant chronic diseases, which highlights the health public relevance of the topic. Obese subjects have a pro-inflammatory environment, which can further exacerbate COVID-19-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, explaining the increased risk of serious complications in these patients. Another factor that favors infection in obese patients is the high expression of ACE2 receptors in the adipose tissue. The negative impact of COVID-19 in obesity is also associated with a decrease in respiratory function, the concurrence of multiple comorbidities, a low-degree chronic inflammatory state, immunocompromised situation, and therefore a higher rate of hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, in-hospital complications such as pneumonia, and death. In this review, the link between obesity and COVID-19 was analyzed, exploring the potential common mechanisms in both diseases, with special attention to oxidative stress and inflammation, due to the crucial role of both pathways in the development of the disease.
ISSN:1138-7548
1877-8755
DOI:10.1007/s13105-022-00887-4