Datura stramonium Leaf Extract Exhibits Anti-inflammatory Activity in CCL4-Induced Hepatic Injury Model by Modulating Oxidative Stress Markers and iNOS/Nrf2 Expression

• Published in: BioMed research international 2022-03, Vol.2022, p.1-20
• Main Authors: Nasir, Bakht, Khan, Ashraf Ullah, Baig, Muhammad Waleed, Althobaiti, Yusuf S., Faheem, Muhammad, Haq, Ihsan-Ul
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acetic acid; Acute toxicity; Alzheimer's disease; Anti-inflammatory agents; Antidepressants; Antioxidants; Biocompatibility; Carbon tetrachloride; CCL4 protein; Cirrhosis; Cytotoxicity; Datura stramonium; Disease control; Drug dosages; Edema; Ethyl acetate; Fibrosis; Flavonoids; Hematology; Herbal medicine; Immunohistochemistry; Inflammatory diseases; Leaves; Liver; Liver cirrhosis; Liver diseases; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Markers; Metabolism; Metabolites; Nitric oxide; Nitric-oxide synthase; Nitrogen; Olive oil; Oxidative stress; Pain perception; Pathogenesis; Physiology; Phytochemicals; Plant extracts; Rheumatoid arthritis; Scavenging; Signal transduction; Silymarin; Stress concentration; Toxicity
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2022/1382878

Background. Inflammation is a frequent phenomenon in the pathogenesis of hepatic disorders leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Phytopharmaceuticals developed from traditional medicine can provide effective therapeutic alternatives to conventional medications. Datura stramonium (DS) has reported traditional uses in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we have tried to validate its potential as a source of anti-inflammatory agents. Methods. Powdered leaf part of DS was extracted using ethyl acetate (EA) to provide the extract (DSL-EA). Lymphocyte and macrophage viability and acute toxicity assays established the safety profile, while nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay estimated the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential. Noninvasive anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antinociceptive activities were monitored using BALB/c mice using low and high doses (150 and 250 mg/kg). Major inflammatory studies were performed on Sprague-Dawley male rats using CCl4-induced liver injury model. Disease induction was initiated by intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 (1 mL/kg of 30% CCl4 in olive oil). The rats were divided into six groups. The anti-inflammatory potential of DSL-EA in low and high doses (150 and 300 mg/kg, respectively) was assessed through hematological, biochemical, liver antioxidant defense, oxidative stress markers, and histological studies as well as the expression of Nrf2 and iNOS. Results. DSL-EA exhibited prominent in vitro NO scavenging (IC50: 7.625±0.51 μg/mL) and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in paw and anal edema models. In CCl4 model, hematological investigations revealed vasotonic effects. Liver functionality was significantly (P