The Impact of Public, Private, and Out-of-Pocket Health Expenditures on Under-Five Mortality in Malaysia

Health financing in Malaysia is intensely subsidised by public funding and is increasingly sourced by household out-of-pocket financing, yet the under-five mortality rate has been gradually increasing in the last decade. In this context, this study aims to investigate the relationship between public...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Healthcare (Basel) 2022-03, Vol.10 (3), p.589
Main Authors: Logarajan, Renuka Devi, Nor, Norashidah Mohamed, Sirag, Abdalla, Said, Rusmawati, Ibrahim, Saifuzzaman
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Births
Child mortality
Children & youth
Developing countries
Funding
GDP
Gross Domestic Product
Health care expenditures
Health services
High income
Infant mortality
LDCs
Literature reviews
Population
Public health
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Summary:Health financing in Malaysia is intensely subsidised by public funding and is increasingly sourced by household out-of-pocket financing, yet the under-five mortality rate has been gradually increasing in the last decade. In this context, this study aims to investigate the relationship between public, private, and out-of-pocket health expenditures and the under-five mortality rate in Malaysia using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation technique, whereby critical test values are recalculated using the response surface method for a time-series data of 22 years. The findings reveal that out-of-pocket health expenditure deteriorates the under-five mortality rate in Malaysia, while public and private health expenditures are statistically insignificant. Therefore, an effective health financing safety net may be an option to ensure an imperative child health outcome.
ISSN:2227-9032
2227-9032
DOI:10.3390/healthcare10030589