The HOG pathway and the regulation of osmoadaptive responses in yeast

• Published in: FEMS yeast research 2022-03, Vol.22 (1)
• Main Authors: de Nadal, Eulàlia, Posas, Francesc
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Cell cycle; Cell proliferation; Glycerol; Glycerol - metabolism; Hog1 protein; Kinases; Mammals - metabolism; MAP kinase; Minireview; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - genetics; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - metabolism; Osmolar Concentration; Osmolarity; Osmotic Pressure; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - genetics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - metabolism; Signal transduction; Transcription
• ISSN: 1567-1364; 1567-1356; 1567-1364
• DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac013

Abstract Cells coordinate intracellular activities in response to changes in the extracellular environment to maximize their probability of survival and proliferation. Eukaryotic cells need to adapt to constant changes in the osmolarity of their environment. In yeast, the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway is responsible for the response to high osmolarity. Activation of the Hog1 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) induces a complex program required for cellular adaptation that includes temporary arrest of cell cycle progression, adjustment of transcription and translation patterns, and the regulation of metabolism, including the synthesis and retention of the compatible osmolyte glycerol. Hog1 is a member of the family of p38 SAPKs, which are present across eukaryotes. Many of the properties of the HOG pathway and downstream-regulated proteins are conserved from yeast to mammals. This review addresses the global view of this signaling pathway in yeast, as well as the contribution of Dr Hohmann's group to its understanding. The authors discuss the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway and stress adaptation in yeast.