Sport Psychological Skill Factors and Scale Development for Taekwondo Athletes

The purpose of this study was to identify the sport psychological skills of Taekwondo athletes and to develop a scale measuring such skills. We collected preliminary data using an open-ended online survey targeting Taekwondo athletes from nine countries (South Korea, China, Malaysia, United States,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-03, Vol.19 (6), p.3433
Main Authors: Nam, Jung-Hoon, Kim, Eung-Joon, Cho, Eun-Hyung
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anxiety
Athletes
Athletes - psychology
Confidence
Factor analysis
Factor Analysis, Statistical
Goal setting
Humans
Item response theory
Likert scale
Literature reviews
Martial Arts
Multivariate statistical analysis
Polls & surveys
Psychology
Questionnaires
Reproducibility of Results
Skills
Sports psychology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Validation studies
Validity
Citations: Items that this one cites
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Summary:The purpose of this study was to identify the sport psychological skills of Taekwondo athletes and to develop a scale measuring such skills. We collected preliminary data using an open-ended online survey targeting Taekwondo athletes from nine countries (South Korea, China, Malaysia, United States, Spain, France, Brazil, United Kingdom, and Taiwan) who participated in international competitions between 2019 and 2020. We extracted participants' sport psychological skills from 75 survey responses, guided by expert meetings and a thorough literature review. We verified our Taekwondo psychological skill scale's construct validity using 840 survey responses. We utilized V coefficients, parallel analysis, an exploratory structural equation model, maximum likelihood, confirmatory factor analysis, and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis for data analysis. We identified six core sport psychological skills: "goal setting," "confidence," "imagery," "self-talk," "fighting spirit," and "concentration." Our final measure, which demonstrated evidence of reliability and validity, comprises 18 items spanning 6 factors, with each item rated on a 3-point Likert scale.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph19063433