Understanding and Managing Trauma-Induced Vestibular Deficits

OBJECTIVES: Traumatic brain injury occurs frequently worldwide. Half of traumatic brain injuries are related to falls or motor vehicle accidents. The term "concussion" is often used to describe a minor form of traumatic brain injury. These often involve decelerative events to the head (e.g...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of International Advanced Otology 2021-11, Vol.17 (6), p.559-565
Main Authors: Mallinson, Art, Maire, Raphael, Beyaert, Christian, Vibert, Dominique, Coffinet, Laurent, Longridge, Neil, Vanspauwen, Robby, Dumas, Georges, Petersen, Hannes, Perrin, Philippe
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brain
Concussion
Fistula
Fractures
Hearing loss
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Meningitis
Nervous system
Pathology
Patients
Review
Tomography
Traffic accidents
Trauma
Traumatic brain injury
Vertigo
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Summary:OBJECTIVES: Traumatic brain injury occurs frequently worldwide. Half of traumatic brain injuries are related to falls or motor vehicle accidents. The term "concussion" is often used to describe a minor form of traumatic brain injury. These often involve decelerative events to the head (e.g., flexion/extension injury) and can also cause damage to the vestibular system of the inner ear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The European Society for Clinical Evaluation of Balance Disorders meets yearly and has proposed an investigation and analysis of the vestibular consequences of traumatic brain injury. This review paper outlines these discussions. RESULTS: The Society discussed all aspects of trauma-induced vestibular disorders along with diagnosis and management. They also assessed the diagnostic tests available to investigate these disorders. CONCLUSION: Trauma-induced vestibular disorders are difficult to manage, as our level of understanding of the pathology can be poor and anatomical localization can also be difficult. Accordingly, a definitive diagnosis cannot be pinpointed in many patients, but an extensive history taking is crucial to determine the nature and extent of vestibular involvement. Trauma can not only result in microtrauma to the central nervous system but can also significantly affect peripheral vestibular structures, particularly the otolith organs. The committee hopes that better understanding of trauma to the vestibular system, along with improvements in the field of radiology and vestibular assessments, will aid in more precise techniques of pinpointing pathology in order to develop an adapted treatment plan. KEYWORDS: Balance disorders, clinical assessment, otoliths, vestibular trauma, whiplash
ISSN:1308-7649
2148-3817
DOI:10.5152/iao.2021.21258