Dementia and the Risk of Periodontitis: A Population-Based Cohort Study

Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are proposed to be comorbid with periodontitis (PD). It is unclear whether PD is associated with dementia and AD independent of confounding factors. We aimed at identifying the relationship between the longitudinal risk of developing PD in a cohort of patients w...

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Published in:Journal of dental research 2022-03, Vol.101 (3), p.270-277
Main Authors: Ma, K.S., Hasturk, H., Carreras, I., Dedeoglu, A., Veeravalli, J.J., Huang, J.Y., Kantarci, A., Wei, J.C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Alzheimer Disease - diagnosis
Alzheimer Disease - epidemiology
Alzheimer's disease
Cohort analysis
Cohort Studies
Dementia
Dementia disorders
Gum disease
Humans
Periodontitis
Periodontitis - complications
Periodontitis - epidemiology
Population studies
Population-based studies
Proportional Hazards Models
Research Reports
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Sensitivity analysis
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Summary:Dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are proposed to be comorbid with periodontitis (PD). It is unclear whether PD is associated with dementia and AD independent of confounding factors. We aimed at identifying the relationship between the longitudinal risk of developing PD in a cohort of patients with dementia and AD who did not show any signs of PD at baseline. In this retrospective cohort study, 8,640 patients with dementia without prior PD were recruited, and 8,640 individuals without dementia history were selected as propensity score–matched controls. A Cox proportional hazard model was developed to estimate the risk of developing PD over 10 y. Cumulative probability was derived to assess the time-dependent effect of dementia on PD. Of the 8,640 patients, a sensitivity test was conducted on 606 patients with AD-associated dementia and 606 non-AD propensity score–matched controls to identify the impact of AD-associated dementia on the risk for PD. Subgroup analyses on age stratification were included. Overall 2,670 patients with dementia developed PD. The relative risk of PD in these patients was significantly higher than in the nondementia group (1.825, 95% CI = 1.715 to 1.942). Cox proportional hazard models showed that patients with dementia were more likely to have PD than individuals without dementia (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.915, 95% CI = 1.766 to 2.077, P < 0.0001, log-rank test P < 0.0001). The risk of PD in patients with dementia was age dependent (P values for all ages
ISSN:0022-0345
1544-0591
DOI:10.1177/00220345211037220