A Novel Automated Approach for Improving Standardization of the Marble Burying Test Enables Quantification of Burying Bouts and Activity Characteristics

• Published in: eNeuro 2022-03, Vol.9 (2), p.ENEURO.0446-21.2022
• Main Authors: Wahl, Lucas, Punt, A Mattijs, Arbab, Tara, Willuhn, Ingo, Elgersma, Ype, Badura, Aleksandra
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Calcium Carbonate; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Methods/New Tools; Mice; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Reference Standards
• ISSN: 2373-2822; 2373-2822
• DOI: 10.1523/ENEURO.0446-21.2022

The marble burying test is a commonly used paradigm to describe phenotypes in mouse models of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. The current methodological approach relies predominantly on reporting the number of buried marbles at the end of the test. By measuring the proxy of the behavior (buried marbles), many important characteristics regarding the temporal aspect of this assay are lost. Here, we introduce a novel, automated method to quantify mouse behavior during the marble burying test with the focus on the burying bouts and movement dynamics. Using open-source software packages, we trained a supervised machine learning algorithm (the "classifier") to distinguish burying behavior in freely moving mice. In order to confirm the classifier's accuracy and characterize burying events in high detail, we performed the marble burying test in three mouse models: [Angelman syndrome (AS) model], (autism model), and [obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) model] mice. The classifier scored burying behavior accurately and consistent with the previously reported phenotype of the mice, which showed decreased levels of burying compared with controls. mice showed a similar pattern of decreased burying behavior, which was not found in mice. Tracking mouse behavior throughout the test revealed hypoactivity in and hyperactivity in the mice, indicating that mouse activity is unrelated to burying behavior. Reducing activity with midazolam in mice did not alter the burying behavior. Together, we demonstrate that our classifier is an accurate method for the analysis of the marble burying test, providing more information than currently used methods.