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Gibberellic acid interacts with salt stress on germination, growth and polyamine gene expression in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seedlings
This study aimed to rigorously investigate and integrate the underlying hypothesis that an enhancing effect of gibberellic acid (GA 3 , 3 µM) with increased growth actually leads to a modification of the physiological role of polyamines during salinity stress (NaCl, 100 mM) in fennel. These analyses...
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Published in: | Physiology and molecular biology of plants 2022-03, Vol.28 (3), p.607-622 |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | This study aimed to rigorously investigate and integrate the underlying hypothesis that an enhancing effect of gibberellic acid (GA
3
, 3 µM) with increased growth actually leads to a modification of the physiological role of polyamines during salinity stress (NaCl, 100 mM) in fennel. These analyses concern both reserve tissues (cotyledons) and embryonic axes in growth. Physiological results indicate a restriction of germination, growth, mineral nutrition and damages to membranes of salt-treated seedlings. This was partially attenuated in seedlings treated with an interaction effect of GA
3
and NaCl. Peroxidase and catalase activities showed a reduction or an augmentation according to the treatments and organs. The three main polyamines (PA): putrescine, spermidine and spermine were elevated in the salt-treated seedlings. Meanwhile, GA
3
seed priming was extremely efficient in reducing PA levels in salt-stressed seedlings compared to the control. Response of PA genes to salinity was variable. Up-regulation was noted for
SPMS1
,
ODC1
, and
ADC1
in hypocotyls and cotyledons (H + C) and down-regulation for
SAMDC1
in the radicle. Interaction of salt/GA
3
treatment showed different responses, only
ODC1
in (H + C) and
ADC1
in both radicle and (H + C) were overexpressed. Concerning other genes, no change in mRNA abundance was observed in both organs compared to the salt-treated seedlings. From these results, it could be inferred that the fennel seedlings were NaCl sensitive. This sensitivity was mitigated when GA3 applied for seed priming and applied in combination with NaCl, which resulted in a reduction of the PA content. |
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ISSN: | 0971-5894 0974-0430 |
DOI: | 10.1007/s12298-022-01140-4 |