COVID‑19 induced hypoparathyroidism: A case report

Low levels of serum calcium, elevated levels of serum phosphorus and absent or abnormally low levels of serum parathyroid hormone characterize hypoparathyroidism, a rare endocrine deficiency illness. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by injury to the parathyroid gland as a result of surgery or autoimmune...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2022-05, Vol.23 (5), Article 346
Main Authors: Georgakopoulou, Vasiliki Epameinondas, Avramopoulos, Pantelis, Papalexis, Petros, Bitsani, Aikaterini, Damaskos, Christos, Garmpi, Anna, Venetikou, Maria S, Paramythiotis, Daniel, Karlafti, Eleni, Sklapani, Pagona, Trakas, Nikolaos, Spandidos, Demetrios A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autoimmune diseases
Blood
Care and treatment
Case Report
Case reports
Case studies
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Development and progression
Disease
Endocrine system
Hospitals
Hypocalcemia
Hypoparathyroidism
Infections
Laboratories
Lungs
Medical imaging
Phosphorus
Radiation
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Surgery
Vitamin deficiency
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Summary:Low levels of serum calcium, elevated levels of serum phosphorus and absent or abnormally low levels of serum parathyroid hormone characterize hypoparathyroidism, a rare endocrine deficiency illness. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by injury to the parathyroid gland as a result of surgery or autoimmune disease. In addition, hypoparathyroidism may develop due to genetic causes or infiltrative diseases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by multi-organ involvement, including the dysfunction of endocrine glands. Previous studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces endocrine tissue damage via various mechanisms, including direct cell damage from viral entry to the glands by binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors and replication, vasculitis, arterial and venous thrombosis, hypoxic cell damage, immune response and the cytokine storm. The effects of the new coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the parathyroid glands have received limited attention. Hypoparathyroidism has been observed in a small number of individuals as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present study describes the case of a patient with primary hypoparathyroidism induced by COVID-19. Clinicians should also keep in mind that, despite the fact that SARS-CoV-2 has no known tropism for the parathyroid glands, it can result in primary hypoparathyroidism and decompensation of old primary hypoparathyroidism.
ISSN:1792-0981
1792-1015
DOI:10.3892/etm.2022.11276