Relationship between Standing Trunk Extension Angle and Medial Elbow Injuries in Young Baseball Pitchers

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the standing trunk extension angle and medial elbow injuries. Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10−12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evalu...

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Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-03, Vol.19 (7), p.3895
Main Authors: Gonno, Megumi, Kida, Noriyuki, Nomura, Teruo, Matsui, Tomoyuki, Azuma, Yoshikazu, Hiramoto, Machiko, Hashimoto, Ruo, Miyazaki, Tetsuya, Tanaka, Maki, Watanabe, Yuya, Kai, Yoshihiro, Morihara, Toru
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Baseball
Biomechanical Phenomena
Elbow
Elbow - diagnostic imaging
Elbow Joint - diagnostic imaging
Evaluation
Holidays & special occasions
Humans
Injuries
Investigations
Male
Muscle strength
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Orthopedics
Rigid structures
Thorax
Three dimensional analysis
Three dimensional motion
Torso
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasound
X-rays
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container_issue 7
container_start_page 3895
container_title International journal of environmental research and public health
container_volume 19
creator Gonno, Megumi
Kida, Noriyuki
Nomura, Teruo
Matsui, Tomoyuki
Azuma, Yoshikazu
Hiramoto, Machiko
Hashimoto, Ruo
Miyazaki, Tetsuya
Tanaka, Maki
Watanabe, Yuya
Kai, Yoshihiro
Morihara, Toru
description Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the standing trunk extension angle and medial elbow injuries. Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10−12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon using ultrasound scans and physical examination findings. A single optical three-dimensional motion analysis system was used for the trunk extension measurements, with three-dimensional coordinates captured. The overall, upper, and lower trunk angles were then analyzed. Results: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension was significantly smaller among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on ultrasound scans (positive: 71.4° ± 10.3°; negative: 75.7° ± 9.2°; t = 2.05, p < 0.05). The upper trunk extension angle was significantly smaller than the lower trunk extension angle among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on physical examination (upper: 33.0° ± 6.9°; lower: 41.2° ± 8.2°; t = −2.42, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension is associated with medial elbow injuries. Evaluating the trunk extension angle as multiple segments rather than a single rigid body is valuable.
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijerph19073895
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Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10−12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon using ultrasound scans and physical examination findings. A single optical three-dimensional motion analysis system was used for the trunk extension measurements, with three-dimensional coordinates captured. The overall, upper, and lower trunk angles were then analyzed. Results: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension was significantly smaller among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on ultrasound scans (positive: 71.4° ± 10.3°; negative: 75.7° ± 9.2°; t = 2.05, p &lt; 0.05). The upper trunk extension angle was significantly smaller than the lower trunk extension angle among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on physical examination (upper: 33.0° ± 6.9°; lower: 41.2° ± 8.2°; t = −2.42, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension is associated with medial elbow injuries. Evaluating the trunk extension angle as multiple segments rather than a single rigid body is valuable.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073895</identifier><identifier>PMID: 35409578</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Baseball ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Elbow ; Elbow - diagnostic imaging ; Elbow Joint - diagnostic imaging ; Evaluation ; Holidays &amp; special occasions ; Humans ; Injuries ; Investigations ; Male ; Muscle strength ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; Orthopedics ; Rigid structures ; Thorax ; Three dimensional analysis ; Three dimensional motion ; Torso ; Ultrasonic imaging ; Ultrasound ; X-rays</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2022-03, Vol.19 (7), p.3895</ispartof><rights>2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. 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Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10−12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon using ultrasound scans and physical examination findings. A single optical three-dimensional motion analysis system was used for the trunk extension measurements, with three-dimensional coordinates captured. The overall, upper, and lower trunk angles were then analyzed. Results: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension was significantly smaller among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on ultrasound scans (positive: 71.4° ± 10.3°; negative: 75.7° ± 9.2°; t = 2.05, p &lt; 0.05). The upper trunk extension angle was significantly smaller than the lower trunk extension angle among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on physical examination (upper: 33.0° ± 6.9°; lower: 41.2° ± 8.2°; t = −2.42, p &lt; 0.05). 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Subjects and methods: The study participants were 90 male baseball pitchers (10−12 years) belonging to youth baseball teams. Pitching elbow injuries were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon using ultrasound scans and physical examination findings. A single optical three-dimensional motion analysis system was used for the trunk extension measurements, with three-dimensional coordinates captured. The overall, upper, and lower trunk angles were then analyzed. Results: Trunk extension angle during standing trunk extension was significantly smaller among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on ultrasound scans (positive: 71.4° ± 10.3°; negative: 75.7° ± 9.2°; t = 2.05, p &lt; 0.05). The upper trunk extension angle was significantly smaller than the lower trunk extension angle among participants who were positive for medial elbow injuries on physical examination (upper: 33.0° ± 6.9°; lower: 41.2° ± 8.2°; t = −2.42, p &lt; 0.05). 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source Publicly Available Content Database; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry
subjects Adolescent
Baseball
Biomechanical Phenomena
Elbow
Elbow - diagnostic imaging
Elbow Joint - diagnostic imaging
Evaluation
Holidays & special occasions
Humans
Injuries
Investigations
Male
Muscle strength
Musculoskeletal Diseases
Orthopedics
Rigid structures
Thorax
Three dimensional analysis
Three dimensional motion
Torso
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasound
X-rays
title Relationship between Standing Trunk Extension Angle and Medial Elbow Injuries in Young Baseball Pitchers
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