The Effect of Low-Temperature Thermal Processing on Bovine Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes, toward Bone Cell Interaction and Differentiation

Ideal bone grafting scaffolds are osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and encourage osteogenesis through the remodeling processes of bone resorption, new bone formation, and successful integration or replacement; however, achieving this trifecta remains challenging. Production methods of bone grafts, s...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2022-03, Vol.15 (7), p.2504
Main Authors: Porter, Gemma Claire, Abdelmoneim, Dina, Li, Kai Chun, Duncan, Warwick John, Coates, Dawn Elizabeth
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical materials
Cattle
Cell culture
Differentiation
Gene expression
Grafting
Hydroxyapatite
Infections
Low temperature
Material properties
Production methods
Scaffolds
Skin & tissue grafts
Substitute bone
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Summary:Ideal bone grafting scaffolds are osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and encourage osteogenesis through the remodeling processes of bone resorption, new bone formation, and successful integration or replacement; however, achieving this trifecta remains challenging. Production methods of bone grafts, such as thermal processing, can have significant effects on the degree of cell-surface interactions via wide-scale changes in the material properties. Here, we investigated the effects of small incremental changes at low thermal processing temperatures on the degree of osteoclast and osteoblast attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Bovine bone scaffolds were prepared at 100, 130, 160, 190, and 220 °C and compared with a commercial control, Bio-Oss . Osteoclast attachment and activity were significantly higher on lower temperature processed bone and were not present ≥190 °C. The highest osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were obtained from treatments at 130 and 160 °C. Similarly, qRT -PCR assays highlighted osteoblasts attached to bone processed at 130 and 160 °C as demonstrating the highest osteogenic gene expression. This study demonstrated the significant effects of small-scale processing changes on bone graft materials in vitro, which may translate to a tailored approach of cellular response in vivo.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma15072504