Links between chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: a review

Acute exposure to air pollution is associated with an increasing risk of death and cardiovascular disorders. Nonetheless, the impact of chronic exposure to air pollution on the circulatory system is still debated. Here, we review the links of chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution with mortality...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental chemistry letters 2022-10, Vol.20 (5), p.2971-2988
Main Authors: Konduracka, Ewa, Rostoff, Paweł
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Air exposure
Air pollution
Air pollution control
Analytical Chemistry
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular diseases
Chronic exposure
Circulatory system
Coagulation
Congestive heart failure
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Diseases
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Exposure
Geochemistry
Heart
Hypertension
Legislation
Mortality
Nitrogen dioxide
Ozone
Particulate matter
Pollutants
Pollution
Review
Suspended particulate matter
Viral diseases
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Summary:Acute exposure to air pollution is associated with an increasing risk of death and cardiovascular disorders. Nonetheless, the impact of chronic exposure to air pollution on the circulatory system is still debated. Here, we review the links of chronic exposure to outdoor air pollution with mortality and most common cardiovascular diseases, in particular during the coronavirus disease 2019 event (COVID-19). We found that recent studies provide robust evidence for a causal effect of chronic exposure to air pollution and cardiovascular mortality. In terms of mortality, the strongest relationship was noted for fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone. There is also increasing evidence showing that exposure to air pollution, mainly fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide, is associated with the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, and heart failure. However, available scientific evidence is not strong enough to support associations with cardiac arrhythmias and coagulation disturbances. Noteworthy, for some pollutants, the risk of negative health effects is high for concentrations lower than the limit values recommended by the European Union and Word Health Organization. Efforts to diminish exposure to air pollution and to design optimal methods of air pollution reduction should be urgently intensified and supported by effective legislation and interdisciplinary cooperation.
ISSN:1610-3653
1610-3661
DOI:10.1007/s10311-022-01450-9