Bile Cast Nephropathy: A Comprehensive Review

Bile cast nephropathy (BCN) or cholemic nephropathy (CN) is an acute renal dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of liver injury. It is a common phenomenon in patients with liver disease and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. CN is characterized by hemo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2022-03, Vol.14 (3), p.e23606-e23606
Main Authors: Somagutta, Manoj R, Jain, Molly S, Pormento, Maria Kezia Lourdes, Pendyala, Siva K, Bathula, Narayana Reddy, Jarapala, Nagendrababu, Mahadevaiah, Ashwini, Sasidharan, Nayana, Gad, Mohamed A, Mahmutaj, Greta, Hange, Namrata
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Adenosine triphosphate
Aquaporins
Autopsies
Bile ducts
Biopsy
Case reports
Creatinine
Gastroenterology
Hemodynamics
Hypertension
Internal Medicine
Kidneys
Liver
Nephrology
Pathophysiology
Patients
Phosphorylation
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Summary:Bile cast nephropathy (BCN) or cholemic nephropathy (CN) is an acute renal dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of liver injury. It is a common phenomenon in patients with liver disease and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. CN is characterized by hemodynamic changes in the liver, kidney, systemic circulation, intratubular cast formation, and tubular epithelial cell injury. CN has been overlooked as a differential diagnosis in chronic liver disease patients due to more importance to hepatic injury. However, frequent and considerable reporting of case reports recently has further investigated this topic in the last two decades. This review determines the evidence behind the potential role of bile acids and bilirubin in acute renal dysfunction in liver injury, summarizing the implied pathophysiology risk factors, and incorporating the therapeutic mechanisms and outcomes.
ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.23606