Artificial Neural Network-Based Study Predicts GS-441524 as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Activator Protein Furin: a Polypharmacology Approach

• Published in: Applied biochemistry and biotechnology 2022-10, Vol.194 (10), p.4511-4529
• Main Authors: Dhanalakshmi, M., Das, Kajari, Pandya, Medha, Shah, Sejal, Gadnayak, Ayushman, Dave, Sushma, Das, Jayashankar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenosine - analogs & derivatives; Antiviral agents; Antiviral Agents - chemistry; Antiviral Agents - pharmacology; Artificial neural networks; Bacterial diseases; Biochemistry; Biotechnology; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; COVID-19; COVID-19 Drug Treatment; Diabetes mellitus; Drug development; Drugs; Fc receptors; Furin; Furin - genetics; Humans; Inhibitors; Ligands; Neural networks; Neural Networks, Computer; Neurological diseases; Original; Original Article; Pandemics; Pharmacology; Polypharmacology; Proteins; SARS-CoV-2; Self organizing maps; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - chemistry; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - metabolism; Spike protein; Substrates; TLR7 protein; Toll-Like Receptor 7; Toll-like receptors; Viral diseases
• ISSN: 0273-2289; 1559-0291; 1559-0291
• DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03928-2

Furin, a pro-protein convertase, plays a significant role as a biological scissor in bacterial, viral, and even mammalian substrates which in turn decides the fate of many viral and bacterial infections along with the numerous ailments caused by cancer, diabetes, inflammations, and neurological disorders. In the wake of the current pandemic caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2, furin has become the center of attraction for researchers as the spike protein contains a polybasic furin cleavage site. In the present work, we have searched for novel inhibitors against this interesting human target from FDA-approved antiviral. To enhance the selection of new inhibitors, we employed Kohonen’s artificial neural network-based self-organizing maps for ligand-based virtual screening. Promising results were obtained which can help in drug repurposing and network pharmacology studies can address the errors generated due to promiscuity/polypharmacology. We found 15 existing FDA antiviral drugs having the potential to inhibit furin. Among these, six compounds have targets on important human proteins (LDLR, FCGR1A, PCK1, TLR7, DNA, and PNP). The role of these 15 drugs inhibiting furin can be established by studying further on patients infected with number of viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Here we propose two promising candidate FDA drugs GS-441524 and Grazoprevir (MK-5172) for repurposing as inhibitors of furin. The best results were observed with GS-441524. Graphical abstract