Bone Regeneration of Critical-Size Calvarial Defects in Rats Using Highly Pressed Nano-Apatite/Collagen Composites

Osteo-conductive bone substitute materials are required in dentistry. In this study, highly pressed nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (P-nHAP/COL) composites were formed by a hydraulic press. Critical-size bone defects (Φ = 6 mm) were made in the cranial bones of 10-week-old Wistar rats, in which P-nHAP/...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2022-05, Vol.15 (9), p.3376
Main Authors: Hatakeyama, Wataru, Taira, Masayuki, Sawada, Tomofumi, Hoshi, Miki, Hachinohe, Yuki, Sato, Hirotaka, Takafuji, Kyoko, Kihara, Hidemichi, Takemoto, Shinji, Kondo, Hisatomo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apatite
Biomedical materials
Collagen
Composite materials
Computed tomography
Defects
Dental implants
Dental materials
Dentistry
Fluorescence
Hydraulic presses
Hydraulics
Hydroxyapatite
Implantation
Laboratory animals
Materials substitution
Opacity
Orthopaedic implants
Regeneration (physiology)
Substitute bone
Surgery
Variance analysis
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Summary:Osteo-conductive bone substitute materials are required in dentistry. In this study, highly pressed nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (P-nHAP/COL) composites were formed by a hydraulic press. Critical-size bone defects (Φ = 6 mm) were made in the cranial bones of 10-week-old Wistar rats, in which P-nHAP/COL and pressed collagen (P-COL) specimens were implanted. Defect-only samples (DEF) were also prepared. After the rats had been nourished for 3 days, 4 weeks, or 8 weeks, ossification of the cranial defects of the rats was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) (n = 6 each). Animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks, followed by histological examination. On micro-CT, the opacity of the defect significantly increased with time after P-nHAP/COL implantation (between 3 days and 8 weeks, p < 0.05) due to active bone regeneration. In contrast, with P-COL and DEF, the opacity increased only slightly with time after implantation, indicating sluggish bone regeneration. Histological inspections of the defect zone implanted with P-nHAP/COL indicated the adherence of multinucleated giant cells (osteoclasts) to the implant with phagocytosis and fragmentation of P-nHAP/COL, whereas active bone formation occurred nearby. Fluorescent double staining indicated dynamic bone-formation activities. P-nHAP/COL is strongly osteo-conductive and could serve as a useful novel bone substitute material for future dental implant treatments.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma15093376