Exosomal miRNAs as a Promising Source of Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer Progression

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide amongst males and females. CRC treatment is multidisciplinary, often including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Early diagnosis of CRC can lead to treatment initiation at an earlier stage. Blood biomarkers are currentl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-04, Vol.23 (9), p.4855
Main Authors: Bakhsh, Tahani, Alhazmi, Safiah, Alburae, Najla Ali, Farsi, Ali, Alzahrani, Faisal, Choudhry, Hani, Bahieldin, Ahmed
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Antigens
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
Blood tests
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Chemotherapy
Colonoscopy
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal carcinoma
Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis
Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics
Diagnosis
Endoscopy
Exosomes
Exosomes - genetics
Exosomes - pathology
Extracellular vesicles
Extracellular Vesicles - pathology
Feces
Female
Fibroblasts
Gene expression
Humans
Male
Medical prognosis
Metastasis
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs - genetics
Mortality
Proteins
Radiation therapy
Review
Stem cells
Tumor microenvironment
Tumor Microenvironment - genetics
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
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Summary:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide amongst males and females. CRC treatment is multidisciplinary, often including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Early diagnosis of CRC can lead to treatment initiation at an earlier stage. Blood biomarkers are currently used to detect CRC, but because of their low sensitivity and specificity, they are considered inadequate diagnostic tools and are used mainly for following up patients for recurrence. It is necessary to detect novel, noninvasive, specific, and sensitive biomarkers for the screening and diagnosis of CRC at earlier stages. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has an essential role in tumorigenesis; for example, extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes can play a crucial role in communication between cancer cells and different components of TME, thereby inducing tumor progression. The importance of miRNAs that are sorted into exosomes has recently attracted scientists' attention. Some unique sequences of miRNAs are favorably packaged into exosomes, and it has been illustrated that particular miRNAs can be directed into exosomes by special mechanisms that occur inside the cells. This review illustrates and discusses the sorted and transported exosomal miRNAs in the CRC microenvironment and their impact on CRC progression as well as their potential use as biomarkers.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23094855