Novel Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease-Latest Insights in the Research Field

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences 2022-04, Vol.23 (9), p.4998
• Main Authors: Adam, Cristina Andreea, Șalaru, Delia Lidia, Prisacariu, Cristina, Marcu, Dragoș Traian Marius, Sascău, Radu Andy, Stătescu, Cristian
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adrenomedullin; Aging; Angiogenesis; Apoptosis; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Atherosclerosis - metabolism; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - metabolism; Cardiomyocytes; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cell adhesion & migration; Cholesterol; Cytokines; Diagnosis; Endothelial cells; Extracellular vesicles; Extracellular Vesicles - metabolism; Heart attacks; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Inflammasomes; Inflammasomes - metabolism; Inflammation; Ischemia; Kinases; Lipids; Low density lipoprotein; Medical prognosis; Midkine; Morbidity; Mortality; Oxidative stress; Pentraxins; Proteins; Review; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Smooth muscle; Stromelysin; Therapeutic targets; Triglycerides; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Vascular diseases
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094998

The atherosclerotic vascular disease is a cardiovascular continuum in which the main role is attributed to atherosclerosis, from its appearance to its associated complications. The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, population ageing, and burden on both the economy and the healthcare system have led to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the field. The better understanding or discovery of new pathophysiological mechanisms and molecules modulating various signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis have led to the development of potential new biomarkers, with key role in early, subclinical diagnosis. The evolution of technological processes in medicine has shifted the attention of researchers from the profiling of classical risk factors to the identification of new biomarkers such as midregional pro-adrenomedullin, midkine, stromelysin-2, pentraxin 3, inflammasomes, or endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles. These molecules are seen as future therapeutic targets associated with decreased morbidity and mortality through early diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions and future research directions.