Evaluating the Appropriateness of Pulmonary Embolism Admissions in a Community Hospital Emergency Department

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2022-04, Vol.14 (4), p.e24292-e24292
• Main Authors: Brikho, Salam, Zughaib, Marc T, Tsaloff, Grace, Smythe, Ken, Zughaib, Marcel E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cardiology; Confidence intervals; Emergency Medicine; Hemodynamics; Length of stay; Mortality; Patient admissions; Population; Pulmonary embolisms; Quality Improvement; Thromboembolism; Vital signs
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24292

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a diagnosis on the broader spectrum of venous thromboembolic (VTE) disease. The diagnostic key for clinicians is detecting which patients have a "high risk" of complications or mortality and who are in the "low-risk" population. The Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) and HESTIA scores are validated risk stratification tools to determine if patients diagnosed with PE can be successfully managed in the outpatient versus inpatient setting. We aimed to investigate the appropriateness of PE admissions to our institution based on the risk stratification recommendations from PESI and HESTIA scores. We retrospectively identified 175 patients admitted with a diagnosis of PE over one year at our hospital. Baseline demographics, length of admission, and admitting diagnoses were collected for all patients included in this study. PESI and HESTIA scores were then calculated for all included patients. The average PESI score was 91.65 (95% confidence interval: 86.33, 96.97). There were 87 patients (49.7%) that had a low or very low PESI score of fewer than 85 points. Fifty-seven patients (33.7%) presented with a HESTIA score of 0. The risk stratification score indicates these patients as low risk, and appropriate for outpatient management. However, they were instead admitted to the hospital which contributes to increased costs, risk of adverse events, etc. There were 0 mortalities reported for patients in the "low or very low risk" groups, with four reported mortalities in the "very high risk" groups.  In our cohort, 33.7%-49.7% of admissions for PE were risk-stratified as "low risk" and qualified for outpatient management based on HESTIA and PESI risk stratification scores, respectively. The underutilization of validated risk scores upon initial diagnosis of PE may lead to worse outcomes and increased healthcare expenditure.