Through-and-Through Dissection of the Soft Palate for Pharyngeal Flap Inset: A “Good-Fast-Cheap” Technique for Any Etiology of Velopharyngeal Incompetence

• Published in: The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal 2022-06, Vol.59 (6), p.785-793
• Main Authors: Carr, Michael, Skarlicki, Michaela, Palm, Sheryl, Bucevska, Marija, Bone, Jeffrey, Gosain, Arun K., Arneja, Jugpal S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Birth defects; Cleft Palate - surgery; Dissection; Etiology; Humans; Medical procedures; Mouth; Original; Palate, Soft - surgery; Patients; Pharynx - surgery; Retrospective Studies; Surgical Flaps; Surgical techniques; Treatment Outcome; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency - complications; Velopharyngeal Insufficiency - surgery
• ISSN: 1055-6656; 1545-1569
• DOI: 10.1177/10556656211021738

Objective: To determine the efficacy and resource utilization of through-and-through dissection of the soft palate for pharyngeal flap inset for velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) of any indication. Design: Retrospective review. Setting: Tertiary care center. Patients: Thirty patients were included. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of severe VPI based on perceptual speech assessment, confirmed by nasoendoscopy or videofluoroscopy; VPI managed surgically with modified pharyngeal flap with through-and-through dissection of the soft palate; and minimum 6 months follow-up. Patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome were excluded. Intervention: Modified pharyngeal flap with through-and-through dissection of the soft palate. Main Outcome Measure(s): Velopharyngeal competence and speech assessed using the Speech-Language Pathologist 3 scale. Results: The median preoperative speech score was 11 of 13 (range, 7 to 13), which improved significantly to a median postoperative score of 1 of 13 (range 0-7; P < .001). Velopharyngeal competence was restored in 25 (83%) patients, borderline competence in 3 (10%), and VPI persisted in 2 (7%) patients. Complications included 1 palatal fistula that required elective revision and 1 mild obstructive sleep apnea that did not require flap takedown. Median skin-to-skin operative time was 73.5 minutes, and median length of stay (LOS) was 50.3 hours. Conclusions: This technique allows direct visualization of flap placement and largely restores velopharyngeal competence irrespective of VPI etiology, with low complication rates. Short operative time and LOS extend the value proposition, making this technique not only efficacious but also a resource-efficient option for surgical management of severe VPI.