Cigarette Smoke Regulates the Expression of EYA4 via Alternation of DNA Methylation Status

Cigarette SMOKE (CS) considerably contributes to causing some diseases such as cancer, and it has a role in the alternation of gene expression through several mechanisms including epigenetics modification, particularly DNA methylation. EYA4 is one of the genes, that whose expression has been dysregu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioMed research international 2022-05, Vol.2022, p.5032172-7
Main Authors: Almutairi, Bader O., Almutairi, Mikhlid H., Alrefaei, Abdulwahed F., Ali, Daoud, Alkahtani, Saad, Alarifi, Saud
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Analysis
Angiogenesis
Binding sites
Bisulfite
Bladder cancer
Blood & organ donations
Breast cancer
Caco-2 Cells
Care and treatment
Cigarette smoke
Cigarette Smoking
Cigarettes
Colon
Colon cancer
Colorectal cancer
Complications and side effects
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Development and progression
Disease
DNA
DNA Methylation
DNA sequencing
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Genomes
Health aspects
Humans
Liver cancer
Lung cancer
Methylation
Nucleotide sequence
Nucleotide sequencing
Proteins
Smoking
Statistical analysis
Trans-Activators - genetics
Trans-Activators - metabolism
Tumor cell lines
Tumors
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Summary:Cigarette SMOKE (CS) considerably contributes to causing some diseases such as cancer, and it has a role in the alternation of gene expression through several mechanisms including epigenetics modification, particularly DNA methylation. EYA4 is one of the genes, that whose expression has been dysregulated in lung, colon, bladder, and breast cancer, leading to tumor progression. The alternation of DNA methylation levels has been implicated in regulating the expression of the EYA4 gene. Thus, in this study, we have shown the effect of CS on the DNA methylation level of the EYA4 promoter region as well as the methylation level on EYA4 expression. To determine the level of DNA methylation on the promoter region of the EYA4 gene, we have employed the bisulfite conversion treatment followed by the Sanger Sequence for 100 DNA samples taken from Saudi people (50 smokers and 50 nonsmokers). We found that 26% of DNA extracted from smoker samples is methylated, while there was no methylation identified in nonsmoker samples. Also, using the demethylating agents such as AZA on LoVo and Caco-2 cancer cell lines causes induction of transcription level of EYA4, implying the possible mechanism of DNA methylation in the upregulation of EYA4. These findings suggest the possible mechanism of CS in controlling the expression of EYA4 via changing the status of DNA methylation.
ISSN:2314-6133
2314-6141
DOI:10.1155/2022/5032172