MGMT and Whole-Genome DNA Methylation Impacts on Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy of Glioblastoma Multiforme

Epigenetic changes in DNA methylation contribute to the development of many diseases, including cancer. In glioblastoma multiforme, the most prevalent primary brain cancer and an incurable tumor with a median survival time of 15 months, a single epigenetic modification, the methylation of the O6-Met...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-07, Vol.23 (13), p.7148
Main Authors: Della Monica, Rosa, Cuomo, Mariella, Buonaiuto, Michela, Costabile, Davide, Franca, Raduan Ahmed, Del Basso De Caro, Marialaura, Catapano, Giuseppe, Chiariotti, Lorenzo, Visconti, Roberta
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alkylating agents
Alkylation
Biomarkers
Biopsy
Brain cancer
Clinical trials
Confidence intervals
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA methylation
DNA methyltransferase
DNA polymerase
Enzymes
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Genomes
Glioblastoma
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
Laboratories
Medical prognosis
Methylguanine
Mutation
O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase
Prognosis
Radiation therapy
Review
Tumors
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Summary:Epigenetic changes in DNA methylation contribute to the development of many diseases, including cancer. In glioblastoma multiforme, the most prevalent primary brain cancer and an incurable tumor with a median survival time of 15 months, a single epigenetic modification, the methylation of the O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) gene, is a valid biomarker for predicting response to therapy with alkylating agents and also, independently, prognosis. More recently, the progress from single gene to whole-genome analysis of DNA methylation has allowed a better subclassification of glioblastomas. Here, we review the clinically relevant information that can be obtained by studying MGMT gene and whole-genome DNA methylation changes in glioblastomas, also highlighting benefits, including those of liquid biopsy, and pitfalls of the different detection methods. Finally, we discuss how changes in DNA methylation, especially in glioblastomas bearing mutations in the Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 genes, can be exploited as targets for tailoring therapy.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23137148