Influences of Vitamin D and Iron Status on Skeletal Muscle Health: A Narrative Review

There is conflicting evidence of the roles vitamin D and iron have in isolation and combined in relation to muscle health. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the current literature on the roles that vitamin D and iron have on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function and how thes...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nutrients 2022-06, Vol.14 (13), p.2717
Main Authors: Shoemaker, Marni, Salmon, Owen, Smith, Cory, Duarte-Gardea, Maria, Cramer, Joel
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adults
Anemia
Animal-based foods
Calciferol
Chronic illnesses
Cytokines
Food
Food sources
Inflammation
Influence
Iron
Muscle function
Muscle strength
Musculoskeletal system
Nutrient deficiency
Nutrients
Older people
Review
Skeletal muscle
Skin
Vitamin D
Vitamin deficiency
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Summary:There is conflicting evidence of the roles vitamin D and iron have in isolation and combined in relation to muscle health. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the current literature on the roles that vitamin D and iron have on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function and how these nutrients are associated with skeletal muscle health in specific populations. Secondary purposes include exploring if low vitamin D and iron status are interrelated with skeletal muscle health and chronic inflammation and reviewing the influence of animal-source foods rich in these nutrients on health and performance. PubMed, Scopus, SPORT Discus, EMBAE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched to determine eligible studies. There was a positive effect of vitamin D on muscle mass, particularly in older adults. There was a positive effect of iron on aerobic and anaerobic performance. Studies reported mixed results for both vitamin D and iron on muscle strength and function. While vitamin D and iron deficiency commonly occur in combination, few studies examined effects on skeletal muscle health and inflammation. Isolated nutrients such as iron and vitamin D may have positive outcomes; however, nutrients within food sources may be most effective in improving skeletal muscle health.
ISSN:2072-6643
2072-6643
DOI:10.3390/nu14132717