Sequence determinants as key regulators in gene expression of T cells

T cell homeostasis, T cell differentiation, and T cell effector function rely on the constant fine‐tuning of gene expression. To alter the T cell state, substantial remodeling of the proteome is required. This remodeling depends on the intricate interplay of regulatory mechanisms, including post‐tra...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunological reviews 2021-11, Vol.304 (1), p.10-29
Main Authors: Nicolet, Benoit P., Zandhuis, Nordin D., Lattanzio, V. Maria, Wolkers, Monika C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alternative splicing
Binding
Cell differentiation
codon usage
Conserved sequence
Differentiation (biology)
GC content
Gene Expression
Gene Expression Regulation
Gene regulation
Homeostasis
Invited Review
Invited Reviews
Localization
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
MicroRNAs
miRNA
Proteins
Proteomes
Regulatory mechanisms (biology)
Reviews
RNA binding
RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
RNA-binding protein
RNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism
sequence
T cell
T-Lymphocytes - metabolism
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Summary:T cell homeostasis, T cell differentiation, and T cell effector function rely on the constant fine‐tuning of gene expression. To alter the T cell state, substantial remodeling of the proteome is required. This remodeling depends on the intricate interplay of regulatory mechanisms, including post‐transcriptional gene regulation. In this review, we discuss how the sequence of a transcript influences these post‐transcriptional events. In particular, we review how sequence determinants such as sequence conservation, GC content, and chemical modifications define the levels of the mRNA and the protein in a T cell. We describe the effect of different forms of alternative splicing on mRNA expression and protein production, and their effect on subcellular localization. In addition, we discuss the role of sequences and structures as binding hubs for miRNAs and RNA‐binding proteins in T cells. The review thus highlights how the intimate interplay of post‐transcriptional mechanisms dictate cellular fate decisions in T cells.
ISSN:0105-2896
1600-065X
1600-065X
DOI:10.1111/imr.13021