What is the added value of patch testing with 30 fragrance allergens in addition to the European Baseline series?

• Published in: Contact dermatitis 2022-05, Vol.86 (5), p.390-397
• Main Authors: Krijl, Rosalie C., Ipenburg, Norbertus A., Franken, Sylvie M., Rustemeyer, Thomas
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: 26 labeled fragrances; Allergens; Allergens - adverse effects; allergic contact dermatitis; Allergies; contact allergy; cosmetics; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - diagnosis; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact - etiology; Eczema; fragrances; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Limonene; Linalool; Monoterpenes - adverse effects; Odorants; Original; oxidized limonene; oxidized linalool; patch test; Patch Tests; Patients; Perfume - adverse effects; prehaptens; Terpenes - adverse effects
• ISSN: 0105-1873; 1600-0536
• DOI: 10.1111/cod.14065

Background Patch testing with the fragrance allergy markers in the European baseline series (EBS) does not identify all patients with fragrance allergy. Hydroperoxides of linalool and limonene have been shown to be useful allergens in detecting fragrance sensitization. Objectives To evaluate the added value of testing with 30 fragrance allergens in addition to the EBS. Methods All patients with suspected fragrance allergy who underwent patch testing at the Amsterdam University Medical Centers between November 2019 and January 2021 to the EBS and fragrance series were included. Results Of 323 patients tested, 162 (50.2%) were found to be fragrance sensitized. The most sensitizing single allergens were the hydroperoxides of linalool (1.0 and 0.5% pet.) and limonene (0.3 and 0.2% pet.). Testing with the hydroperoxides of linalool and limonene identified 62 fragrance‐sensitized patients (38.3%) who could not be detected by the common fragrance markers. Of all fragrance‐sensitized patients, 21 (13.0%) would have been missed when not testing with the fragrance series. Conclusions Patch testing with the fragrance series in addition to the EBS is valuable. To reduce the risk of false‐negative reactions, it is advisable to test the hydroperoxides of linalool and limonene. Highlights Of the 323 patients with suspected fragrance allergy, 162 (50.2%) were found to be fragrance sensitized. Testing with the hydroperoxides of linalool and limonene identified 62 fragrance‐sensitized patients (38.3%) who could not be detected by the European baseline series (EBS) fragrance markers. When not tested with the fragrance series, 21 (13.0%) of the sensitized patients would have been missed. Routinely performing patch testing with the fragrance series in addition to linalool and limonene hydroperoxide as part of the EBS is recommended.