Sensation Seeking, Impulsivity, and Aggression Moderate Sex Effects on Adolescent Laboratory Binging

• Published in: Psychology of addictive behaviors 2021-03, Vol.35 (2), p.208-214
• Main Authors: Obst, Elisabeth, Bernhardt, Nadine, Gan, Gabriela, Plawecki, Martin H., O'Connor, Sean, Smolka, Michael N., Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aggressive Behavior; Aggressiveness; Alcohol; Alcohol content; Alcohol related disorders; Alcohol use; Alcoholism; Behavior problems; Behavioral Disinhibition; Binge Drinking; Binge eating; Breath tests; Brief interventions; Continuous data; Disinhibition; Drinking behavior; Drug Self Administration; Female; Gender differences; Health behavior; Human; Human Sex Differences; Impulsiveness; Impulsivity; Male; Personality traits; Risk Factors; Sensation Seeking; Sex differences; Substance use disorder; Teenagers; Women; Young women
• ISSN: 0893-164X; 1939-1501
• DOI: 10.1037/adb0000651

Sex, comprising biological and gender-related distinctions, is a known risk factor for alcohol use disorders. Moreover, sensation seeking, impulsivity, and aggression have been found to predict binge drinking and to reflect behavioral disinhibition. We tested effects of these disinhibited traits on binging during intravenous alcohol self-administration (ivASA), a method that eliminates sex differences in the pharmacokinetics of alcohol. Eighty-five German social drinkers (49 men) completed 3 questionnaires assessing sensation seeking, impulsivity, and aggression, as well as an ivASA session at ages 18-19. Sixty-five of them were retested at ages 21-22. Participants reported real-life drinking problems and the number of binge days in the 45 days preceding lab testing. Analyses employed continuous data and median splits to examine associations between disinhibited traits and the portion of women and men in the sample who achieved a breath alcohol concentration of 80 mg% during ivASA ("binge fraction"). At ages 18-19, and only if scoring low on sensation seeking, impulsivity, or aggression, women had significantly lower binge fractions during ivASA than men. Further, low compared to high impulsivity or aggression predicted lower binge fractions in women but not in men. Neither first- nor second-wave disinhibited traits significantly predicted binge fractions at ages 21-22. We perceive that personality traits reflecting behavioral disinhibition might be a strong indicator of drinking problems, specifically among young women. Targeted brief interventions might therefore be used in educational or clinical settings to inform such women about their increased risk and the potential health and behavioral problems associated with binge drinking.