Radio-Absorbing Materials Based on Polymer Composites and Their Application to Solving the Problems of Electromagnetic Compatibility

• Published in: Polymers 2022-07, Vol.14 (15), p.3026
• Main Authors: Fionov, Alexander, Kraev, Ivan, Yurkov, Gleb, Solodilov, Vitaly, Zhukov, Alexander, Surgay, Anastasia, Kuznetsova, Iren, Kolesov, Vladimir
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Absorption; Antennas; Circuits; Coatings; Complex media; Design; Dielectric loss; Digital electronics; Electromagnetic compatibility; Electromagnetic interactions; Electromagnetic interference; Electromagnetic radiation; Electromagnetic shielding; Electromagnetism; Electronic devices; Electronic equipment; Fillers; Frequencies; Frequency ranges; Magnetic properties; Magnetic shielding; Nanocomposites; Permeability; Physical properties; Polymer matrix composites; Polymers; Problem solving; Radiation; Receivers & amplifiers; Reflectance; Review; Substrates; Thickness
• ISSN: 2073-4360; 2073-4360
• DOI: 10.3390/polym14153026

Recently, designers of electronic equipment have paid special attention to the issue of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of devices with their own components and assemblies. This is due to the high sensitivity of semiconductor microcircuits to electromagnetic interference. This interference can be caused either by natural phenomena, such as lightning strikes, or by technical processes, such as transients in circuits during fast periodic or random switching. Either way, interference implies a sudden change in voltage or current in a circuit, which is undesirable, whether it propagates along a cable or is transmitted as an electromagnetic wave. The purpose of this article is to review the works devoted to the development, creation, and investigation of modern polymeric nanocomposite materials used for shielding electromagnetic radiation and their effective application for solving problems of electromagnetic compatibility. Additionally, the approach to design EMI shielding complex media with predetermined parameters based on investigation of various properties of possible components is shown. In the review, all polymer composites are classified according to the type of filler. The issues of the interaction of a polymer with conductive fillers, the influence of the concentration of fillers and their location inside the matrix, and the structure of the nanocomposite on the mechanisms of electromagnetic interaction are considered. Particular attention is paid to a new generation of nanocomposite materials with widely adjustable electrical and magnetic properties. A wide class of modern filled polymeric materials with dielectric and magneto-dielectric losses is considered. These materials make it possible to create effective absorbers of electromagnetic waves that provide a low level of reflection coefficient in the microwave range. The model mechanisms for shielding electromagnetic radiation are considered in the paper. A detailed review of the electro-physical properties of polymer nanocomposites is provided. Multilayer electrodynamic media containing combinations of layers of filled polymer composite materials with nanoparticles of different compositions and manufactured using a single technology will make it possible to create electrodynamic media and coatings with the required electro-physical characteristics of absorption, transmission, and reflection. Within the framework of the two-layer coating model, the difference in the effects of the interaction o