Molecular and Immune Phenotypic Modifications during Metastatic Dissemination in Lung Carcinogenesis

The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the progression of lung tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. Recent data reveal that disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) appear to play a key role in the development and progression of lung neoplasiaby driving immune system dysfunction and establishe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2022-07, Vol.14 (15), p.3626
Main Authors: Tsavlis, Drosos, Katopodi, Theodora, Anestakis, Doxakis, Petanidis, Savvas, Charalampidis, Charalampos, Chatzifotiou, Evmorfia, Eskitzis, Panagiotis, Zarogoulidis, Paul, Porpodis, Konstantinos
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Autophagy
Cancer
Carcinogenesis
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell cycle
Cell signaling
Chemotherapy
DNA methylation
Dormancy
Drug resistance
Genotype & phenotype
Growth factors
Homeostasis
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immune response
Immunosuppression
Immunosuppressive agents
Immunosurveillance
Inflammation
Invasiveness
Lung cancer
Medical prognosis
Metastases
Metastasis
Molecular modelling
Myeloid cells
Review
Stem cells
Therapeutic applications
Tumor cells
Tumor microenvironment
Tumorigenesis
Tumors
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Summary:The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the progression of lung tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis. Recent data reveal that disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) appear to play a key role in the development and progression of lung neoplasiaby driving immune system dysfunction and established immunosuppression, which is vital for evading the host immune response. As a consequence, in this review we will discuss the role and function of DTCs in immune cell signaling routes which trigger drug resistance and immunosuppression. We will also discuss the metabolic biology of DTCs, their dormancy, and their plasticity, which are critical for metastasis and drive lung tumor progression. Furthermore, we will consider the crosstalk between DTCs and myeloid cells in tumor-related immunosuppression. Specifically, we will investigate the molecular immune-related mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment that lead to decreased drug sensitivity and tumor relapse, along with strategies for reversing drug resistance and targeting immunosuppressive tumor networks. Deciphering these molecular mechanisms is essential for preclinical and clinical investigations in order to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, a better understanding of these immune cell signaling pathways that drive immune surveillance, immune-driven inflammation, and tumor-related immunosuppression is necessary for future personalized therapeutic approaches.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers14153626