Macrophages in oxidative stress and models to evaluate the antioxidant function of dietary natural compounds

• Published in: Yàowu shi͡p︡in fenxi 2017-01, Vol.25 (1), p.111-118
• Main Authors: Castaneda, Omir Adrian, Lee, Sheng-Chi, Ho, Chi-Tang, Huang, Tzou-Chi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Activated carbon; Activator protein 1; Antioxidants; Carbonyl compounds; Carbonyls; Cell activation; cell model; Cholesterol; Chronic illnesses; Diet; DNA methylation; epigenetic; Farnesyltransferase; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Inflammation; Kinases; Macrophages; Monocytes; Natural products; Nitric oxide; Nitrogen; Oxidative Stress; Pathogenesis; Peroxide; Peroxynitrite; Protein transport; Proteins; Reactive nitrogen species; Reactive oxygen species; Respiratory burst; Review; Rodents; Superoxide; tissue resident macrophages; Transcription activation; Transcription factors; Translocation; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• ISSN: 1021-9498; 2224-6614
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.006

Antioxidant testing of natural products has attracted increasing interest in recent years, mainly due to the fact that an antioxidant-rich diet might provide health benefits. Activated macrophages are a major source of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and peroxynitrite generated through the so-called respiratory burst. Constitutively released proinflammatory cytokine, especially tumor necrosis factor-α, triggers nuclear factor-κB, and activator protein-1 translocation leading to the over production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in macrophages. Activation of transcription factors in the long-lived tissue-resident macrophages and/or monocyte-derived macrophages, trigger epigenetic modifications leading to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Nutraceuticals including lipid raft structure disruption agent, cholesterol depletion agent, farnesyltransferase inhibitor, nuclear factor-κB blocker (α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds), glucocorticoid receptor agonist, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist have long been used to inactive macrophage. The inhibition effects on the formation of nitric oxide, superoxide, and nitrite peroxide may be responsible for the anti-inflammatory functionalities. Activated macrophage models could be used to identify the active components for functional diets development through a multiple targets strategy. [Display omitted] •Activated macrophages may possibly cause pathogenesis of chronic diseases.•Nutraceuticals' reaction oxygen species inhibition in activated macrophages causes anti-inflammation.•A multitarget pathway for the mechanistic role of nutraceuticals is proposed.