Impact of malnutrition on clinical outcomes in patients diagnosed with COVID‐19

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is now the third leading cause of death in the United States. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients increases risk of complications. However, the effect of malnutrition on outcomes in patients infected is unclear. This study aims to identify the impact...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition 2022-11, Vol.46 (8), p.1797-1807
Main Authors: Ponce, Jana, Anzalone, Alfred Jerrod, Bailey, Kristina, Sayles, Harlan, Timmerman, Megan, Jackson, Mariah, McClay, James, Hanson, Corrine
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Cohort Studies
COVID-19 - complications
COVID-19 - therapy
Hospitalization
Humans
malnutrition
Malnutrition - complications
nutrition assessment
nutrition support practice
Original Research
outcomes research/quality
pulmonary disease
Respiration, Artificial
United States - epidemiology
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Summary:Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is now the third leading cause of death in the United States. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients increases risk of complications. However, the effect of malnutrition on outcomes in patients infected is unclear. This study aims to identify the impact of malnutrition on mortality and adverse hospital events in patients hospitalized with COVID‐19. Methods This study used data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C), a COVID‐19 repository containing harmonized, longitudinal electronic health record data from US health systems. Malnutrition was categorized into three groups based on condition diagnosis: (1) none documented, (2) history of malnutrition, and (3) hospital‐acquired malnutrition. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine whether malnutrition was associated with mortality and adverse events, including mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and hospital‐acquired pressure injury, in hospitalized patients with COVID‐19. Results Of 343,188 patients hospitalized with COVID‐19, 11,206 had a history of malnutrition and 15,711 had hospital‐acquired malnutrition. After adjustment for potential confounders, odds of mortality were significantly higher in patients with a history of malnutrition (odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–1.79; P 
ISSN:0148-6071
1941-2444
1941-2444
DOI:10.1002/jpen.2418