The Screen for Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury: Development and initial validation among veterans with psychiatric disorders

Introduction Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is associated with significant impairment and is a robust predictor of suicidal ideation, attempts, and death by suicide; however, the present lack of a brief screening instrument for NSSI coupled with consistent underidentification of NSSI in male adults...

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Published in:Suicide & life-threatening behavior 2022-08, Vol.52 (4), p.615-630
Main Authors: Halverson, Tate F., Patel, Tapan A., Mann, Adam J. D., Evans, Mariah K., Gratz, Kim L., Beckham, Jean C., Calhoun, Patrick S., Kimbrel, Nathan A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Behavior Disorders
Construct Validity
Humans
Injuries
Male
Mental disorders
Mental Disorders - diagnosis
nonsuicidal self‐injury
nonsuicidal self‐injury disorder
Predictive Validity
Psychiatry
Risk Factors
Screening Tests
Self destructive behavior
Self-Injurious Behavior - psychology
self‐harm
Suicidal Ideation
Suicides & suicide attempts
Validity
veterans
Veterans - psychology
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Summary:Introduction Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is associated with significant impairment and is a robust predictor of suicidal ideation, attempts, and death by suicide; however, the present lack of a brief screening instrument for NSSI coupled with consistent underidentification of NSSI in male adults has led to concerning rates of missed identification of NSSI. Methods The Screen for Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury (SNSI) is a brief, 10‐item screen designed to identify individuals currently engaging in NSSI with an emphasis on behaviors more frequently endorsed by male adults. The present study examined the development and validation of the SNSI. Results In a sample of veterans (N = 124) with complex psychiatric presentations, SNSI scores demonstrated good internal consistency and strong construct validity with area under the curve (AUC) estimates of 0.85–0.93 for the identification of NSSI disorder. SNSI scores also demonstrated good convergent (rs 0.59–0.90) and external validity (rs = 0.25–0.42), and excellent predictive validity identifying future NSSI Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior disorder (AUC = 0.88) and NSSI behaviors (AUC = 0.90). Importantly, SNSI performance was not affected by participants’ race, sex assigned at birth, or age. Conclusion The SNSI is an efficient screen to identify patients engaging in NSSI who are likely to benefit from more comprehensive assessment and treatment programs.
ISSN:0363-0234
1943-278X
DOI:10.1111/sltb.12847