Fighting Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections by Surface Biofunctionalization of 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Implants with Reduced Graphene Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles (NPs) have high multifunctional potential to simultaneously enhance implant osseointegration and prevent infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, we present the first report on using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) to incorporate different combinations of reduced g...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2022-08, Vol.23 (16), p.9204
Main Authors: San, Hongshan, Paresoglou, Marianne, Minneboo, Michelle, van Hengel, Ingmar A. J., Yilmaz, Aytac, Gonzalez-Garcia, Yaiza, Fluit, Ad C., Hagedoorn, Peter-Leon, Fratila-Apachitei, Lidy E., Apachitei, Iulian, Zadpoor, Amir A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3-D printers
Antibacterial activity
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Bacteria
Bacterial infections
Carbon
Cell differentiation
Differentiation (biology)
Drug resistance
Electrolytes
Electrolytic cells
Graphene
Infections
Methicillin
Microscopy
Nanoparticles
Orthopaedic implants
Orthopedics
Osseointegration
Oxidation
Reactive oxygen species
Silver
Software
Surgical implants
Titanium
Transplants & implants
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Summary:Nanoparticles (NPs) have high multifunctional potential to simultaneously enhance implant osseointegration and prevent infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, we present the first report on using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) to incorporate different combinations of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and silver (Ag) NPs on additively manufactured geometrically ordered volume-porous titanium implants. The rGO nanosheets were mainly embedded parallel with the PEO surfaces. However, the formation of ‘nano-knife’ structures (particles embedded perpendicularly to the implant surfaces) was also found around the pores of the PEO layers. Enhanced in vitro antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was observed for the rGO+Ag-containing surfaces compared to the PEO surfaces prepared only with AgNPs. This was caused by a significant improvement in the generation of reactive oxygen species, higher levels of Ag+ release, and the presence of rGO ‘nano-knife’ structures. In addition, the implants developed in this study stimulated the metabolic activity and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells compared to the PEO surfaces without nanoparticles. Therefore, the PEO titanium surfaces incorporating controlled levels of rGO+Ag nanoparticles have high clinical potential as multifunctional surfaces for 3D-printed orthopaedic implants.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms23169204