Tests of bidirectional relations of TV exposure and effortful control as predictors of adjustment in early childhood in the context of family risk factors

This study examined bidirectional relations between television exposure and effortful control accounting for the effects of family contextual risk factors. Data were from a sample (N = 306) of parents and their preschool‐age children (T1 M = 36 mos. in 2008–2010) assessed four times, once every 9 mo...

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Published in:Infant and child development 2022-07, Vol.31 (4), p.n/a
Main Authors: Parrish, Krystal H., Smith, Michele R., Moran, Lyndsey, Ruberry, Erika J., Lengua, Liliana J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Academic readiness
Adjustment
Adolescent parents
At Risk Persons
Behavior Problems
Bidirectionality
Child Behavior
Childhood
Depression (Psychology)
Early Parenthood
Executive control
Family (Sociological Unit)
Family Environment
family risk factors
Individual Characteristics
Interpersonal Competence
Maternal depression
Parents
Predictor Variables
Preschool Children
Risk factors
School Readiness
Self Control
Self regulation
Social skills
social–emotional adjustment
Teenage parents
Television
Television Viewing
Temperament
Time
Young Children
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Summary:This study examined bidirectional relations between television exposure and effortful control accounting for the effects of family contextual risk factors. Data were from a sample (N = 306) of parents and their preschool‐age children (T1 M = 36 mos. in 2008–2010) assessed four times, once every 9 mos. At T1, adolescent parent status predicted lower child delay ability (DA), and maternal depression predicted higher TV time. Above these effects, higher T1 and T2 child executive control (EC) prospectively predicted lower T2 and T3 TV time, while higher T1 TV time predicted lower T2 EC. Higher EC at T4 predicted fewer total problems, greater social competence, and greater academic readiness at T4, and higher TV time at T4 predicted lower academic readiness. DA was unrelated to TV time or adjustment. Findings suggest executive control and TV time predict changes in each other in early childhood, and in turn, executive control predicts better child adjustment while TV time might be more relevant for academic readiness. Moreover, family risk factors appear to play a role in both TV viewing time and effortful control.
ISSN:1522-7227
1522-7219
DOI:10.1002/icd.2314