Photodegradation of 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) with Rh/TiO2; comparative study with other noble metals (Ru, Pt, and Au)

In this work the effect of noble metal on the photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide using TiO2 as support was studied. The metals and concentration were: Rh, Ru, Pt and Au and 1, 0.98, 1.89, and 1.91 wt% respectively. Rhodium was taken as reference for this experiment. The sam...

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Published in:RSC advances 2022-09, Vol.12 (39), p.25711-25721
Main Authors: Reguero-Márquez, G A, Lunagómez-Rocha, M A, Cervantes-Uribe, A, G del Angel, Rangel, I, Torres-Torres, J G, González, F, Godavarthi, S, Arevalo-Perez, J C, A E Espinosa de los Monteros, Silahua-Pavon, A A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Absorption spectra
Anatase
Catalytic activity
Chemisorption
Chemistry
Comparative studies
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Emission analysis
Gold
Herbicides
Inductive coupling
Inductively coupled plasma
Metal particles
Metals
Noble metals
Optical emission spectroscopy
Oxidation
Particle size
Photocatalysis
Photodegradation
Photoelectrons
Platinum
Rhodium
Ruthenium
Scanning transmission electron microscopy
Spectrum analysis
Titanium dioxide
Titanium oxides
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Summary:In this work the effect of noble metal on the photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide using TiO2 as support was studied. The metals and concentration were: Rh, Ru, Pt and Au and 1, 0.98, 1.89, and 1.91 wt% respectively. Rhodium was taken as reference for this experiment. The samples were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-vis absorption spectra, N2 physisorption (BET Specific Surface Area), High Annular Angle Analysis Darkfield (HAADF) and Transmission Electron Microscopy Scanning (STEM), H2 chemisorption, optical emission spectroscopy with inductive coupling plasma analysis (ICP-OES), solid fluorescence, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and OH quantification. The presence of the anatase crystalline phase was mostly confirmed in all samples. The band gap decreased with the presence of metal (from 3.24 to 2.92 eV). The specific area was a function of the metal particle size. The metal particle diameter showed the following sequence Pt > Ru > Au > Rh. By XPS, TiO2 does not manifest changes in oxidation states, but when impregnated with metals, only Pt shows the highest abundance of any oxidized state (Pt2+). The presence of metal reveals less electron–hole recombination compared with titanium oxide. The results of photocatalytic activity showed that Pt and Rh are the two metals with the highest mineralization (99.0 and 98.3%, respectively).
ISSN:2046-2069
DOI:10.1039/d2ra03552a