Cognitive Impairment in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a significant cause of the severe cognitive decline in the elderly population. There is no cure for iNPH, but cognitive symptoms can be partially alleviated through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. In the early stages of iNPH, cognitive deficits...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Neuroscience bulletin 2022-09, Vol.38 (9), p.1085-1096
Main Authors: Xiao, Haoyun, Hu, Fan, Ding, Jing, Ye, Zheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anatomy
Anesthesiology
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Development and progression
Human Physiology
Hydrocephalus
Neurology
Neurophysiology
Neurosciences
Pain Medicine
Review
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Summary:Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a significant cause of the severe cognitive decline in the elderly population. There is no cure for iNPH, but cognitive symptoms can be partially alleviated through cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. In the early stages of iNPH, cognitive deficits occur primarily in the executive functions and working memory supported by frontostriatal circuits. As the disease progresses, cognition declines continuously and globally, leading to poor quality of life and daily functioning. In this review, we present recent advances in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of cognitive impairment in iNPH, focusing on (1) abnormal CSF dynamics, (2) dysfunction of frontostriatal and entorhinal-hippocampal circuits and the default mode network, (3) abnormal neuromodulation, and (4) the presence of amyloid-β and tau pathologies.
ISSN:1673-7067
1995-8218
DOI:10.1007/s12264-022-00873-2