Therapeutic Application of Lithium in Bipolar Disorders: A Brief Review

Bipolar affective disorder includes Bipolar Disease (BD) and Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BSD). The prevalence of BSD, BD-I, BD-II, and subthreshold BD globally is estimated to be about 3.1%, 1.5%,0.03%, and 1.6%, respectively. BD is a multidimensional disease that exhibits a range of moods of mania,...

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Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2022-09, Vol.14 (9), p.e29332-e29332
Main Authors: Kamal, Zubair Mahmood, Dutta, Siddhartha, Rahman, Sayeeda, Etando, Ayukafangha, Hasan, Emran, Nahar, Sayeda Nazmun, Wan Ahmad Fakuradzi, Wan Farizatul Shima, Sinha, Susmita, Haque, Mainul, Ahmad, Rahnuma
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anticonvulsants
Antipsychotics
Bile
Bipolar disorder
Disease
Dopamine
Emotions
Family/General Practice
FDA approval
Gene expression
Health services
Kinases
Lithium
Mental disorders
Psychiatrists
Psychiatry
Psychotherapy
Psychotropic drugs
Therapeutics
Toxicity
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Summary:Bipolar affective disorder includes Bipolar Disease (BD) and Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BSD). The prevalence of BSD, BD-I, BD-II, and subthreshold BD globally is estimated to be about 3.1%, 1.5%,0.03%, and 1.6%, respectively. BD is a multidimensional disease that exhibits a range of moods of mania, hypomania, and depression. The disease is chronic, complex, and fatal, with a high possibility of reappearance, infirmity, social incompetence, and felo-de-se. Managing emotional disruption, negative neuropsychology, physiology, and immunology is a challenge. This review focuses on therapeutic benefits, adverse drug reactions, and pharmacological intervention for BD and BSD, in particular lithium. Long-term management of BD with a single medication is ineffective and therefore, not recommended. It is advised to use multiple agents for treatment instead. Medications include mood stabilizers (lithium and anticonvulsants), atypical antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Along with medication provision, psychotherapy is of great significance for BD patients. The review was conducted on recent available scientific literature through the electronic database like Embase, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed using keywords like ‘Bipolar Disease,’ ‘Bipolar Disease Therapeutics,’ ‘Bipolar Disease and Psychotherapy’ to highlight the possible effective means of management of this disease of mood instability.
ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.29332