Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Exosomes: A Novel Strategy for Anticancer and Antiviral Therapy

Exosomes are extracellular membrane bound vesicles released from almost all cell types and can be retrieved from all body fluids. The molecular constituents of these extracellular bodies vary depending on their cell of origin, from which they can transport molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins lipids...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioMed research international 2022-09, Vol.2022, p.1-11
Main Authors: Clinton, Njinju Asaba, Ageboh, Nkembi-Leke Joshua, Nkache, Baie Decler, Mencha, Ebamu Sylvia, Aminkeng, Asonganyi, Ndobegang, Ewalu Justa, Ivo, Esembieng Mencha, Vigha, Simaa Rene, Ekabe, Cyril Jabea
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anticancer properties
Antimitotic agents
Antineoplastic agents
Antiviral agents
Biosynthesis
Body fluids
Cancer
Cell differentiation
Cell interactions
Cell organelles
Design and construction
Disease
Drug delivery
Drug delivery systems
Drugs
Exosomes
Health aspects
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
Immune response
Immune system
Immunological tolerance
Infectious diseases
Leukocyte migration
Lipid metabolism
Lipids
Materials
Membrane vesicles
Metabolites
MicroRNAs
Mitochondrial DNA
Physiology
Plasma
Proteins
Review
Signaling
Therapeutics, Experimental
Therapy
Tumors
Vaccines
Vehicles
Viral infections
Viruses
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Description
Summary:Exosomes are extracellular membrane bound vesicles released from almost all cell types and can be retrieved from all body fluids. The molecular constituents of these extracellular bodies vary depending on their cell of origin, from which they can transport molecules such as DNA, RNA, proteins lipids, and several metabolites. They have been shown to execute several functions such as in cell growth, migration, differentiation, neuronal signaling, immune cell modulation, and some diseases such as cancer through intercellular communication and signaling. They are also described to act as key players in viral persistence and dissemination. Due to their ability to elicit potent cellular responses, high level of tolerance in host cells, and high efficiency in penetrating other cells, they are proposed to be potential therapeutics as well as vehicles for drug delivery. In recent years, several studies have been conducted in quest for the development of an effective anticancer therapy or antiviral therapy against highly persistent viruses. However, most of these studies become halted due to failure to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, the in vitro/in vivo application of exosomes in tumor and infectious disease diagnosis and therapy is prospective. This review discusses the role of exosomes as predictive markers for immune activation and potential targets for anticancer/antiviral therapies.
ISSN:2314-6133
2314-6141
DOI:10.1155/2022/3356467