Primary membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in a child with down syndrome complicated with CVA: A case report

• Published in: Annals of medicine and surgery 2022-09, Vol.81, Article 104441
• Main Authors: Alsultan, Mohammad Khaled, Bdeir, Zeina Nizar, Obeid, Ameer, Alsamarrai, Omar, Nabil Al Houri, Hasan, Hassan, Qussai
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Case Report; Cerebrovascular accident (CVA); Chronic kidney disease (CKD); Down syndrome (DS); Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN); Nephrotic syndrome (NS)
• ISSN: 2049-0801; 2049-0801
• DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104441

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder that affects multiple organs but glomerular lesions were reported only in case reports such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). A 14-year-old male child with DS was presented with generalized edema over three months. Laboratory tests revealed nephrotic syndrome (NS) and urinary tract infection (UTI). Renal ultrasound consisted with CKD. Kidney biopsy corresponded with MPGN. Also, all investigations for secondary underlying disorders came back negative suggesting the idiopathic form. Moreover, the status complicated with cerebrovascular accident (CVA), which has not been described in a DS- patient with glomerulonephritis. The relationship between DS and the incidence of glomerulonephritis is unclear. we suggest regular monitoring of renal function and urinalysis in different-age patients with Down syndrome, because early detection of renal disorders may prevent or slow down the progression and could be beneficial for increasing survival. •Glomerulonephritis (GN) in the context of Down syndrome (DS) were only reported in case reports.•A child with DS presented with nephrotic syndrome, CKD and the status complicated with CVA.•Causal relationship between immunologic disorders in DS and the incidence of GN is unclear.•This case supports the incidence of GN in different-age patients of DS.•We suggest monitoring of renal function and urinalysis in patients of DS to early detect of renal disorders.