Higher levels of nonylphenol were found in human urine and drinking water from rural areas as compared to metropolitan regions of Wuhan, China

The suspected endocrine disruptor nonylphenol (NP) is closely associated with anthropogenic activities; therefore, studies on this compound have been clustered in urban areas. This study investigated the NP concentrations in drinking water sources ( n  = 8), terminal tap water ( n  = 36), and human...

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Published in:Environmental science and pollution research international 2022-09, Vol.29 (44), p.66950-66959
Main Authors: Xu, Chunyan, Ling, Haibo, Fan, Chuangang, Xiang, Luojing, Zhang, Shu, Li, Weiwei, Yi, Chuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anthropogenic factors
Aquatic Pollution
Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
China
Drinking Water
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Endocrine Disruptors
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Health
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Environmental science
Human wastes
Humans
Metropolitan areas
Nonylphenol
Phenols
Research Article
Rural areas
Urban areas
Urine
Waste Water Technology
Water Management
Water pipelines
Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis
Water Pollution Control
Water supply
Water treatment
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Summary:The suspected endocrine disruptor nonylphenol (NP) is closely associated with anthropogenic activities; therefore, studies on this compound have been clustered in urban areas. This study investigated the NP concentrations in drinking water sources ( n  = 8), terminal tap water ( n  = 36), and human urine samples ( n  = 127) collected from urban and rural areas in Wuhan, China. The mean concentrations of NP measured in drinking water sources in urban and rural areas were 92.3 ± 7.5 and 11.0 ± 0.8 ng/L (mean ± SD), respectively, whereas the mean levels in urban and rural tap waters were 5.0 ± 0.7 and 44.2 ± 2.6 ng/L (mean ± SD), respectively. Nevertheless, NP was detected in 74.1% and 75.4% of the human urine samples from urban and rural participants, with geometric mean concentrations of 0.19 ng/mL (0.26 µg/g creat) and 0.27 ng/mL (0.46 µg/g creat), respectively. Although the NP concentrations measured in the drinking water sources of urban areas were significantly higher than those in rural areas ( P  
ISSN:0944-1344
1614-7499
1614-7499
DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-20513-6