Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate Mineral Loaded Freeze-Dried Scaffolds for Potential Synthetic Bone Applications

Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate (DCPD) mineral scaffolds alone do not possess the mechanical flexibility, ease of physicochemical properties’ tuneability or suitable porosity required for regenerative bone scaffolds. Herein, we fabricated highly porous freeze-dried chitosan scaffolds embedded with dif...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials 2022-09, Vol.15 (18), p.6245
Main Authors: Iqbal, Neelam, Braxton, Thomas Michael, Anastasiou, Antonios, Raif, El Mostafa, Chung, Charles Kai Yin, Kumar, Sandeep, Giannoudis, Peter V, Jha, Animesh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aqueous solutions
Biocompatibility
Bone regeneration
Bones
Calcium phosphate
Calcium phosphates
Cell growth
Cell proliferation
Chitin
Chitosan
Crystal structure
Crystallinity
Fractures
Freeze drying
Growth
Health aspects
Mechanical properties
Minerals
Orthopedics
Osteoblasts
Pore formation
Pore size
Porosity
Scaffolds
Testing
Wound healing
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Summary:Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate (DCPD) mineral scaffolds alone do not possess the mechanical flexibility, ease of physicochemical properties’ tuneability or suitable porosity required for regenerative bone scaffolds. Herein, we fabricated highly porous freeze-dried chitosan scaffolds embedded with different concentrations of Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate (DCPD) minerals, i.e., 0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 (wt)%. Increasing DCPD mineral concentration led to increased scaffold crystallinity, where the % crystallinity for CH, 20, 30, 40, and 50-DCPD scaffolds was determined to be 0.1, 20.6, 29.4, 38.8 and 69.9%, respectively. Reduction in scaffold pore size distributions was observed with increasing DCPD concentrations of 0 to 40 (wt)%; coalescence and close-ended pore formation were observed for 50-DCPD scaffolds. 50-DCPD scaffolds presented five times greater mechanical strength than the DCPD mineral-free scaffolds (CH). DCPD mineral enhanced cell proliferation for the 20, 30 and 40-DCPD scaffolds. 50-DCPD scaffolds presented reduced pore interconnectivity due to the coalescence of many pores in addition to the creation of closed-ended pores, which were found to hinder osteoblast cell proliferation.
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma15186245