Adipose stromal vascular fraction reverses mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperfission in aging-induced coronary microvascular disease

• Published in: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2022-10, Vol.323 (4), p.H749-H762
• Main Authors: Tracy, Evan Paul, Nair, Rajeev, Rowe, Gabrielle, Beare, Jason E, Beyer, Andreas, LeBlanc, Amanda Jo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adenosine Triphosphate - metabolism; Adipose Tissue - metabolism; Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Female; Mitochondria; Norepinephrine - metabolism; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Reactive Oxygen Species - metabolism; Stromal Cells - metabolism; Stromal Vascular Fraction
• ISSN: 0363-6135; 1522-1539
• DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00311.2022

Aging is associated with blunted coronary microvascular vasodilatory function. Previously, systemically administered adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) therapy reversed aging-induced attenuation of β -adrenergic- and flow-mediated dilation dependent on reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that SVF-mediated recovery of microvascular dilatory function is dependent on recovery of mitochondrial function, specifically by reducing mitochondrial hyperfission. Female Fischer-344 rats were allocated into young control, old control, and old + SVF therapy groups. Pressure myography, immunofluorescent staining, Western blot analysis, and RNA sequencing were performed to determine coronary microvascular mitochondrial dynamics and function. Gene and protein expression of fission-mediator DRP-1 was enhanced with aging but reversed by SVF therapy. SVF facilitated an increase in fusion-mediator MFN-1 gene and protein expression. Mitochondrial morphology was characterized as rod-like and densely networked in young controls, isolated circular and punctate with aging, and less circularity with partially restored mitochondrial branch density with SVF therapy. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP bioavailability in aged animals at baseline and during flow-mediated dilation were reversed by SVF and accompanied with enhanced oxygen consumption. Dilation to norepinephrine and flow in young controls were dependent on uninhibited mitochondrial fusion, whereas inhibiting fission did not restore aged microvessel response to norepinephrine or flow. SVF-mediated recovery of β-adrenergic function was dependent on uninhibited mitochondrial fusion, whereas recovery of flow-mediated dilation was dependent on maintained mitochondrial fission. Impaired dilation in aging is mitigated by SVF therapy, which recovers mitochondrial function and fission/fusion balance. We elucidated the consequences of aging on coronary microvascular mitochondrial health as well as SVF's ability to reverse these effects. Aging shifts gene/protein expression and mitochondrial morphology indicating hyperfission, alongside attenuated mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP bioavailability, all reversed using SVF therapy. Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels correlated with vasodilatory efficiency. Mitochondrial dysfunction is a contributing pathological factor in aging that can be targeted by therapeutic SVF to preserve microvascular dilative function.