New insights into human immune memory from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination

Since early 2020, the world has been embroiled in an ongoing viral pandemic with SARS‐CoV‐2 and emerging variants resulting in mass morbidity and an estimated 6 million deaths globally. The scientific community pivoted rapidly, providing unique and innovative means to identify infected individuals,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Allergy (Copenhagen) 2022-12, Vol.77 (12), p.3553-3566
Main Authors: Hartley, Gemma E., Edwards, Emily S. J., O’Hehir, Robyn E., Zelm, Menno C.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergies
antibodies
COVID-19 - prevention & control
COVID‐19
disease severity
durability
Humans
hypersensitivity
immune memory
Immune response
Immunologic Memory
Immunological memory
Infections
memory B cells
Memory cells
memory T cells
Morbidity
pandemic
Pandemics
Review
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccination
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Summary:Since early 2020, the world has been embroiled in an ongoing viral pandemic with SARS‐CoV‐2 and emerging variants resulting in mass morbidity and an estimated 6 million deaths globally. The scientific community pivoted rapidly, providing unique and innovative means to identify infected individuals, technologies to evaluate immune responses to infection and vaccination, and new therapeutic strategies to treat infected individuals. Never before has immunology been so critically at the forefront of combatting a global pandemic. It has now become evident that not just antibody responses, but formation and durability of immune memory cells following vaccination are associated with protection against severe disease from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Furthermore, the emergence of variants of concern (VoC) highlight the need for immunological markers to quantify the protective capacity of Wuhan‐based vaccines. Thus, harnessing and modulating the immune response is key to successful vaccination and treatment of disease. We here review the latest knowledge about immune memory generation and durability following natural infection and vaccination, and provide insights into the attributes of immune memory that may protect from emerging variants.
ISSN:0105-4538
1398-9995
DOI:10.1111/all.15502