Current Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Genetic Biomarker Exploration in Gastrointestinal Tumors

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer management. Some patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tract malignancy have experienced remarkable results. Here, in our review, we discuss predictive/prognostic GI tumor biomarkers that appear to correlate with benefits with this strategy. Rema...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2022-09, Vol.14 (19), p.4804
Main Authors: Rogers, Jane E, Yamashita, Kohei, Sewastjanow Silva, Matheus, Ajani, Jaffer A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomarkers
Cancer therapies
Chemical inhibitors
Colorectal cancer
Diagnosis
Esophagus
Gallbladder
Gastric cancer
Gastrointestinal tumors
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic markers
Health aspects
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Liver cancer
Malignancy
Metastasis
Mutation
Patients
Review
Solid tumors
Surgery
Tumor microenvironment
Tumors
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Summary:Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer management. Some patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tract malignancy have experienced remarkable results. Here, in our review, we discuss predictive/prognostic GI tumor biomarkers that appear to correlate with benefits with this strategy. Remarkable progress has been made in certain subsets of patients including the potential for solid tumor patients to avoid local therapies such as radiation and/or surgery (organ preservation), which come with acute and chronic risks that have historically been the only curable strategies for these GI tumors. These results provide new and exciting strategies for solid tumor management. Unfortunately, immune checkpoint inhibitors can correlate with biomarkers, but benefits occur in a small subset of patients with GI malignancies. Most frequently, immune checkpoint inhibitors fail to induce response in GI malignancies due to the "cold" tumor microenvironment that protects cancer. Translational strategies are needed to develop effective combination strategies and novel biomarkers to overcome the intrinsic resistance.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers14194804