Effects of the Short-Foot Exercise on Foot Alignment and Muscle Hypertrophy in Flatfoot Individuals: A Meta-Analysis

This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of the short-foot exercise (SFE) compared to foot orthosis or other types of interventions. Eligibility criteria involved participants with flatfoot engaging in the SFE compared to other forms of inter...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-09, Vol.19 (19), p.11994
Main Authors: Huang, Ching, Chen, Liang-Yu, Liao, Yi-Hung, Masodsai, Kunanya, Lin, Yi-Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bias
Clinical trials
Criteria
Exercise Therapy
Feet
Flatfoot - therapy
Foot - physiology
Humans
Hypertrophy
Insoles
Intervention
Kinematics
Meta-analysis
Muscles
Nondestructive testing
Posture
Review
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Summary:This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to examine the effects of the short-foot exercise (SFE) compared to foot orthosis or other types of interventions. Eligibility criteria involved participants with flatfoot engaging in the SFE compared to other forms of intervention or control groups without specific intervention. Relevant studies published before the end of June 2022 were identified from databases. A meta-analysis was performed by calculating the mean differences (MD) and standard MD (SMD) using the random effects model. Six trials with 201 patients (out of 609 records) that met selection criteria were reviewed. Five of the six trials implemented distinct interventions in the control group such as shoe insoles and muscle strengthening exercises, while in the remaining trial, controls received no intervention. The SFE group significantly reduced the navicular drop test (NDT) values (MD: -0.23; 95% confidence interval: -0.45 to -0.02; = 0.04) and the foot posture index (FPI-6) score (MD: -0.67; 95% confidence interval: -0.98 to -0.36; < 0.0001) when compared to the control group. The muscle hypertrophy did not differ significantly between the groups. The SFE may contribute more benefits than other intervention as it affects flatfoot individuals' foot alignment. Hence, the SFE is recommended as a beneficial dynamic support when facing flatfoot problems.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph191911994