Assessment of Pharmaceutical Services for Smoking Cessation: An Effectiveness-Implementation Hybrid Study

Smoking is the main preventable cause of illness and early death worldwide. Thus, it is better to promote smoking cessation than to treat tobacco-related diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the implementation and effectiveness of smoking cessation pharmaceutical services offered in p...

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Published in:International journal of environmental research and public health 2022-09, Vol.19 (19), p.12305
Main Authors: Laborne-E-Valle, Maria Eduarda Pinheiro, Ahouagi, Ana Emília de Oliveira, Braga, Debora Gontijo, Pinto, Isabela Vaz Leite, Lara-Júnior, Célio Rezende, Ferreira, Sabrina Gonçalves, Blunk, Paula de Fátima Fernandes, Reis, Adriano Max Moreira, Reis, Edna Afonso, Ramalho-de-Oliveira, Djenane, Nascimento, Mariana Martins Gonzaga do
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Alliances
Antidepressants
Antidepressive Agents
Cigarette smoking
Contraindications
Drug addiction
Drug therapy
Health care
Mental disorders
Nicotine
Patients
Performance evaluation
Pharmaceutical Services
Pharmaceuticals
Pharmacists
Public health
Regression analysis
Smoking
Smoking Cessation
Tobacco
Tobacco smoke
Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
Variables
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Summary:Smoking is the main preventable cause of illness and early death worldwide. Thus, it is better to promote smoking cessation than to treat tobacco-related diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the implementation and effectiveness of smoking cessation pharmaceutical services offered in primary health care (PHC) in a large Brazilian city through a type 1 effectiveness-implementation hybrid study. The services were offered through individual or group approaches (Jan/2018-Dec/2019). The service indicators were described and the incidence of cessation in the services was evaluated. Factors associated with cessation were assessed by Poisson regression analysis. The services were offered in most PHC centers (61.2%) and by most pharmacists (81.3%). In total, 170 individual (9.7%) and 1591 group (90.3%) approaches occurred, leading to cessation in 39.4% ( = 67) and 44.8% ( = 712) of these, respectively. The use of nicotine plus antidepressants (RR = 1.30; 95%CI = 1.08-1.57; = 0.006) and the number of sessions with pharmacists (RR = 1.21; 95%CI = 1.19-1.23; < 0.001) were positively associated with cessation; a very high level of dependence was negatively associated (RR = 0.77; 95%CI = 0.67-0.89; = 0.001). The smoking cessation services were effective and should be encouraged.
ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph191912305