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Wettability-based ultrasensitive detection of amphiphiles through directed concentration at disordered regions in self-assembled monolayers

Various forms of ecological monitoring and disease diagnosis rely upon the detection of amphiphiles, including lipids, lipopolysaccharides, and lipoproteins, at ultralow concentrations in small droplets. Although assays based on droplets' wettability provide promising options in some cases, the...

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Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2022-10, Vol.119 (43), p.e2211042119-e2211042119
Main Authors: Yao, Yuxing, Bennett, Robert K A, Xu, Yang, Rather, Adil M, Li, Shucong, Cheung, Tung Chun, Bhanji, Alisha, Kreder, Michael J, Daniel, Dan, Adera, Solomon, Aizenberg, Joanna, Wang, Xiaoguang
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-6f1928c3961f6e82cb9390e1e81b0ca3fedf5fd0e0b1f44e0a1c0f91141250623
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container_title Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS
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creator Yao, Yuxing
Bennett, Robert K A
Xu, Yang
Rather, Adil M
Li, Shucong
Cheung, Tung Chun
Bhanji, Alisha
Kreder, Michael J
Daniel, Dan
Adera, Solomon
Aizenberg, Joanna
Wang, Xiaoguang
description Various forms of ecological monitoring and disease diagnosis rely upon the detection of amphiphiles, including lipids, lipopolysaccharides, and lipoproteins, at ultralow concentrations in small droplets. Although assays based on droplets' wettability provide promising options in some cases, their reliance on the measurements of surface and bulk properties of whole droplets (e.g., contact angles, surface tensions) makes it difficult to monitor trace amounts of these amphiphiles within small-volume samples. Here, we report a design principle in which self-assembled monolayer-functionalized microstructured surfaces coated with silicone oil create locally disordered regions within a droplet's contact lines to effectively concentrate amphiphiles within the areas that dominate the droplet static friction. Remarkably, such surfaces enable the ultrasensitive, naked-eye detection of amphiphiles through changes in the droplets' sliding angles, even when the concentration is four to five orders of magnitude below their critical micelle concentration. We develop a thermodynamic model to explain the partitioning of amphiphiles at the contact line by their cooperative association within the disordered, loosely packed regions of the self-assembled monolayer. Based on this local analyte concentrating effect, we showcase laboratory-on-a-chip surfaces with positionally dependent pinning forces capable of both detecting industrially and biologically relevant amphiphiles (e.g., bacterial endotoxins), as well as sorting aqueous droplets into discrete groups based on their amphiphile concentrations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the sliding behavior of amphiphile-laden aqueous droplets provides insight into the amphiphile's effective length, thereby allowing these surfaces to discriminate between analytes with highly disparate molecular sizes.
doi_str_mv 10.1073/pnas.2211042119
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subjects Contact angle
Droplets
Ecological monitoring
Endotoxins
Lipids
Lipopolysaccharides
Lipoproteins
Micelles
Microstructured surfaces
Monolayers
Physical Sciences
Self-assembled monolayers
Self-assembly
Silicone Oils
Silicones
Sliding
Static friction
Surface Tension
Thermodynamic models
Water
Wettability
title Wettability-based ultrasensitive detection of amphiphiles through directed concentration at disordered regions in self-assembled monolayers
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